1. The 1st 5 Presidents
A New Nation is formed

2. 1. George Washington- 1789-1796 Precedents: Whiskey Rebellion:
Jay’s Treaty:

3. George Washington
(John Adams- VP)
Set precedents- an act for others to follow (2 terms, cabinet, farewell address, etc.- became part of an unwritten constitution)
Cabinet: advisors to help the President make important decisions
Judiciary Act set up the Supreme Court
The President’s Cabinet:
Washington appointed four cabinet members:
Henry Knox- Secretary of War
Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of State
Edmund Randolph- Attorney General
John Adams- Secretary of the Treasury

4. Hamilton and the National Debt
Hamilton had to come up with a way to pay off nation’s debt (war, supplies, army)
Whiskey Tax: excise tax put on the liquor
Caused frontiersmen to rebel…Washington forced to march in and show power of executive gov’t
Bonds- issue to pay debt
South has little debt
If the capital was moved south, they would agree to bonds
1790 bonds were issued and plans to move capital began

5. Strengthening the Economy
Establish the Bank of the United States (collect taxes, print money)
Give loans to farmers (help expand)
Establish tariffs (taxes on foreign goods)
Arguments For National Bank:
Would build confidence in the new nation
Would raise $$
Would free up state $$
Arguments Against National Bank:
Constitution did not specifically say “build a bank” (Strict Constructionist)
Southern states paid debts already
People resented new taxes and tariffs

6. Foreign Policy- Neutrality
1789- The French Revolution (fighting for liberty)
Jefferson (and most American’s) supported this after the French support Americans in their revolution
1793- France at war with Britain, Spain, and Holland
Washington issued a Declaration of Neutrality
Many wanted to continue trading with British AND French

7. American soldiers fought with French on their ships against the British
250 American ships were seized by the British
British gave weapons to Native Americans in the West
Washington sent John Jay to England to come to an agreement

8. Jay’s Treaty Stop seizing ships
Most Favored Nation Status (w/ Britain)
Stop arming Natives
French

9. Washington’s Farewell Address
Remain Neutral
No political parties (causes sectionalism)

10. Election of 1796
John Adams VS Thomas Jefferson

11. 2. John Adams 1797-1801 XYZ Affair: Alien & Sedition Acts:
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions:

12. John Adams (Federalist)- 2nd President
XYZ AFFAIR:
French angry over Jay’s Treaty
Continued to seize ships
Went to France to try to compromise
XYZ (French diplomats) tried to bribe American officials
Americans became outraged with the French
Adam’s and the Federalists took advantage of public opinion and began to build a Navy

13. Is this CONSTITUTIONAL?!?!?
Alien & Sedition Acts
Distrust with Foreigners in general
Needed to take votes away from Democratic-Republicans (who were seen as French-sympathizers)
Adams issued the Alien & Sedition Acts:
Increased requirements from 5 to 14 years for citizenship
Targeted French as anti-American; could be fined & jailed
Restricted newspapers from writing scandalous reports; could be fined & jailed for treason
Is this CONSTITUTIONAL?!?!?

14. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Thomas Jefferson (VP) and James Madison wrote in secret
Resolutions came out rejecting the Alien and Sedition Acts
declared that states had right to refuse federal laws they feel are unjust and declare them unconstitutional (nullification)
Led to debate of Federal Power VS States Rights

15. 3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) Presidential Goals:
Strict Constructionist:
Louisiana Purchase:
Embargo Act:

16. Election of 1800 John Adams (federalist)
Thomas Jefferson & Aaron Burr (dem.-reps.)
Dead-lock between the Democratic-Republican candidates- went to House of Representatives
Alexander Hamilton (Federalist) swayed votes to Jefferson

17. Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)- 3rd President
Presidential Goals:
Simplify presidency
Eliminate excise tax
Reduce size of army
Reduce size of cabinet

18. UNTIL…..

19. Louisiana Purchase Doubled size of U.S. Unconstitutional
Gained control of Mississippi River

20. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”
June 21, Norfolk, VA
British captain fired on the USS Chesapeake
3 dead, 18 wounded
Jefferson’s Response: Embargo Act

21. The EMBARGO Act (1807)
The “OGRABME” Turtle

22. Jefferson responds with the Embargo Act
I know what to do! If we don’t allow American ships to trade with anyone, then we can get attacked!
President Thomas Jefferson
hat to do!
American Merchant
True, but that’s not what I had in mind!
I have a better idea! Let’s go to war!

23. 4. James Madison (1809-1817) Marbury v. Madison: American System:
War of 1812:

24. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Established Judicial Review

25. Presidential Election of 1808

26. * The American System = Neutrality
James Madison
Supported the American System (created by Henry Clay):
Established a protective tariff
Reestablished the National Bank (weakened under Jefferson)
Sponsored the development of transportation systems, as well as other internal developments
* The American System = Neutrality

27. The American System would help:
The North produce more manufactured goods
South and West raise most of the grains, meat, and cotton needed in the North
NORTH = make goods
SOUTH = RAISE CROPS

28. The Election of 1812

29. “War Hawks”
Henry Clay (KY)
John C. Calhoun (SC)

30. the second American Revolution
War of 1812…
the second American Revolution
Causes:
British impressment of US sailors
Conflict over trade
British STILL arming Native Americans
Effects:
Foreign countries earn respect for US
NATIONALISM
US manufacturing increases
Native American resistance declines

32. Treaty of Ghent
December 24, 1814

33. 4. James Monroe ( )
Era of Good Feelings:
Monroe Doctrine:

34. James Monroe- (Democratic-Republican)- 5th President

35. Era of Good Feelings

36. In 1823- The Monroe Doctrine was issued
In The Monroe Doctrine was issued. It became the foundation of US foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere…
American is CHARGED after winning the War of 1812….
Big Pants are on…

37. …an end to European colonization in the Western Hemisphere.
…no intervention by Europe in existing nations in the Western hemisphere
A declaration that European interference was “dangerous to our peace and safety”
…a promise of noninterference by the United States in European affairs and European colonies