1. The Cold War Communists Take Power in China Wars in Korea and Vietnam
The Cold War Divides the World

2. Communists Take Power in China

3. Communists vs Nationalists
Nationalists & Communists fought for control in China during 1930s
Joined forces to fight Japan during WWII
After WWII, fighting continued,
Communists
Nationalists
Mao Zedong
Jiang Jieshi
Northwest China
Southwest China
Soviet supported
US supported

4. Communists vs Nationalists
Communists well trained in guerilla war
Communists promised land to peasants
1949, Communists won the civil war
Nationalists fled to Taiwan

5. Communists vs Nationalists
1. What two groups fought the civil war?
2. Who led them?
3. Who won the civil war and why?

6. The Two Chinas Affect the Cold War
US helped Nationalists create new government
“Republic of China”
Soviets helped Mao Zedong & his government
“People’s Republic of China”
Communist China tried to expand power
Invaded Mongolia, Tibet and India

7. The Two Chinas Affect the Cold War
4. How did the superpowers take sides with the two Chinas?
5. Which side did each superpower support?

8. The Communists Transform China
Mao Zedong plans to rebuild China
Seized land from landowners, gave to peasants
Created collective farms, communes
Land belonged to the group (no private property)
Took control of China’s industries
Increased production of industrial goods
Coal, cement, steel, electricity

9. The Communists Transform China
“Great Leap Forward”
Create larger, more productive farms
Take
Plan failed
: famine killed millions

10. The Communists Transform China
Mao tried to revive revolution, “Cultural Revolution”
Goal: society of peasants & workers in which all were equal
“Red Guards,” militia of student-soldiers (teenagers)
“learn revolution by making revolution”
Shut down schools
Killed thousands that resisted
mostly intellectuals that were against revolution

11. End of “Cultural Revolution”
China in chaos
Factories shut down
Farm production dropped
End of “Cultural Revolution”

12. The Communists Transform China
6. What are changes that Mao made to China?
7. Why do you think the Revolution failed?

13. Wars in Korea and Vietnam

14. War in Korea Korea divided into 2 nations after WWII
North of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Soviets
South of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Allies

15. War in Korea 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea
US & other UN nations sent troops to help South Korea
General Douglas MacArthur led the attack on North Korea
1953: cease-fire
38th parallel remains dividing line

16. War in Korea North Korea: Communist government South Korea: dictators
Strong army, tight gov’t control
Economic problems
South Korea: dictators
US aid: helped economy grow
1987 began elections

17. War in Korea
8. Describe the division of Korea?
BrainPop: Korean War

18. War Breaks out in Vietnam
France had control of Vietnam for ~100yrs
Nationalist leader, Ho Chi Minh, defeated French after WWII
Ho Chi Minh received aid from Communists
US fearful of domino theory: if one country falls to communism, surrounding countries will, too
Vietnam was split in two

19. War Breaks out in Vietnam
North Vietnam
South Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh
Ngo Dinh Diem
Communist,
Non-Communist
Vietcong: rebel fighters
Support from China & Soviet Union
Support from US & Allies

20. War Breaks out in Vietnam
US sent troops to help Vietnam to prevent entire country from becoming communist
Many Americans opposed the war
Vietnamization:
US pulls out of the war, 1973
North Vietnam overran the South
Vietnam still Communist today

21. War Breaks Out in Vietnam
9. What is the domino theory?
10. What happened in Vietnam after the United States withdrew?
BrainPop Vietnam War

22. The Cold War Divides the World

23. Fighting for the Third World
After WWII, world is grouped into THREE “worlds”
First World: United States & Allies
Second World: Soviet Union & Communist Nations
Third World: developing nations of Africa, Asia & Latin America

24. Fighting for the Third World
Third World nations: serious problems from colonialism
Political unrest
Poverty
Lack of education
Limited or no technology
Many tried to remain non-aligned, to stay out of Cold War

25. Fighting for the Third World
11. What problems did Third World nations face?

26. Fighting for the Third World
Fidel Castro, a revolutionary overthrew Cuban government
Social reforms, ended elections, jailed/executed opponents, censorship
Nationalized economy (took away private ownership)
US began trade embargo
Gained economic support from Soviet Union
Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba
US & Soviet Union ALMOST went to war

27. Fighting for the Third World
US supported dictator in Nicaragua
Government fell to Communist rebels
Led by Daniel Ortega
Nicaragua began to support Communist rebels in El Salvador
US began to aid Nicaraguan rebels fighting against communist
Civil war continued for 10 years

28. The Cold War Divides the World