1. Indirect Potable Reuse through Aquifer Recharge and Recovery Thomas M. Missimer and Gary Amy Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Sustainability and Environmental Engineering: Water and Reuse

2. Current reuse in the KSA Reuse of domestic wastewater currently is 10% or less. Reuse of industrial wastewater is limited to mostly reinjection of produced water with discharge of refinery wastewater to the sea and gas processing wastewater to percolation ponds (productive reuse is minimal). Reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

3. What is aquifer recharge and recovery? ARR is the use of natural systems to provide advanced treatment of impaired waters to remove pathogens and trace organic compounds. In many cases it can be defined as a form of Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT). This is a low energy, sustainable technology. Reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

4. Surface spreading or injection using wells Reservoir Water Treatment Consumer Wastewater ARR Water Reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

5. A Physico-Biological Process  Filtration and Biodegradation  Biodegradation (Sustainability) vs. Sorption A Sustainable Process  Low Cost, Low Energy, low GHGs, Minimal Chemicals Provides Both Treatment and (Subsurface) Storage Water Reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

6. Aquifer types that can be used to develop ARR systems in Saudi Arabia -wadi aquifer systems -dune fields -alluvial outwash plains -alluvial fans -engineered filter/aquifer systems Water Reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

8. Wadi Aquifer System ARR Water Reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

9. Engineered Wadi Aquifer ARR Water Reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

11. Why ARR instead of using advanced wastewater treatment techniques? -energy consumption -cost -technology causing lack of trained operators in many areas -reduction in carbon footprint -potential use for both unrestricted irrigation use and indirect potable use Water Reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia