1. Fossil Fuels
Chapter 12
Section 1

2. Standard
S 6.3.b Students know that when fuel is consumed, most of the energy released becomes heat energy
S6.3.b Students know the utility of energy sources is determined by factors that are involved in converting these sources to useful forms and the consequences of the conversion process.

3. Language of the Discipline
Fuel
Refinery
Energy transformation
petrochemical
Combustion
Fossil fuel
Hydrocarbon
Petroleum

4. Anticipatory Set How did you travel to school today?
Most of you got here by car.
What causes your car to move in the first place?
What must all cars have in order to run?

5. Energy Transformation and Fuels
Rub your hands together fast. What happens after 20 seconds?
Got warmer right?
How? It is caused by friction
Energy transformation: a change from one form of energy to another
Fuels provide energy as the result of a chemical change

6. Combustion
When fuels are burned, chemical energy is release as heat and light.
These forms of energy can be used to generate other forms of energy such as motion or electricity.
Gasoline through forms of energy powers the brakes in your car. Read subheading “Combustion” on page 479.

7. Electricity
In an electrical power plant, turbines are turned using mechanical energy
Chemical energy generates electricity
Thermal energy is produced by burning fuel
Mechanical energy is when steams turns a fan (example)

8. Fossil Fuels 3 major fossil fuels are: coal, oil and natural gas
Fossil Fuel: energy rich substances formed fro the remains of organisms
Hydrocarbons: chemical compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen are energy - rich
Read Fossil Fuels paragraph on page 480
Pencils up when you are done

9. Coal Formed from plant remains
Coal makes about 23% of the fuel used in the US
Goes to electrical power plants
It has to be mined or removed from the ground
Machines then chop the coa into chunks
Coal mining is a dangerous job
Many suffer from lung disease

10. Coal Plentiful fossil fuel and inexpensive Easy to transport
Provides lots of energy when burned
Mining can increase erosion
Burning coal results in air pollution.
Review on page 481 the process of coal formation

12. Oil A thick, black, liquid fossil fuel
Form from the remains of small organisms that lived in oceans and seas
Petroleum is another name for oil
Most of our energy production comes from oil
Soil deposits are located underground in tiny holes in sandstone

13. Oil When oil is first pumped out of the ground it is called crude oil
It must then be refined
It must be heated and separated into fuels and other products (refinery)
Petrochemicals are compounds that are made from oil
Used to make plastic and synthetic materials: paints, medicines and cosmetics

14. Oil Low cost in the past made it an important resource in our economy
It all produces air pollution
Oil spills sometimes pollute the oceans and harm sea life
Oil supplies are being used up faster than new supplies are being discovered.
Read “Oil summary” on page 482

16. Natural Gas Mixture of methane and other gases
Pipelines are used to transport natural gas
If all the gas poplines in the US were connected it would reach to the moon and back- twice
Can be compressed into a liquid and transported on ships
Also used in trucks and buses

17. Natural Gas Several advantages: produces larges amounts of energy
Easy to transport
Disadvantage: highly flammable
A leak can cause a violent explosion and fire
Gas companies help to prevent dangerous explosions
Natural gas has no odor at all.
They can a chemical to the gas to detect a gas leak
Read the summary on page 483

19. Fuel Supply and Demand Renewable or non-renewable
Fossil fuels take hundreds of years to form, they are considered non-renewable sources.
Worlds demands for oil and natural gas have been growing faster than new supplies are being found.
Leads to higher prices.
Eventually other types of energy resources will be needed.
If fossil fuels are used up more rapidly than they are formed eventually the reserves will be used up.
Read summary on page 484

20. Checking For Understanding
What energy transformations occur in a car’s engine?
What are hydrocarbons?
What is one advantage of using natural gas?

21. Guided Practice Independent Practice
Workbook page
Stop! Have your answers checked by teacher!
Study Guide Questions