1. Dark, thick, liquid fossil fuel commonly called oil

2. Petroleum

3. Fuel formed underground from plant or animal remains

4. Fossil Fuel

5. The person who first drilled oil at Spindletop (he owned the company)

6. Pattillo Higgins

7. The person who struck oil outside Nacogdoches in 1866

8. Lyne T. Barret

9. Towers that support oil- drilling equipment

10. derricks

11. Factory where crude oil is refined, or made pure, and then made into various products

12. Refinery

13. 1901 oil strike that marked the beginning of the Texas oil boom

14. Spindletop strike

15. Texas city that was home to more than 500 oil companies by 1902

16. Beaumont

17. Explorers who worked on their own when searching for new oil fields

18. Wildcatters

19. An oil by-product of oil used as fuel

20. gasoline

21. Within two years of the oil strike at Spindletop, Beaumont’s population changed from _________ to _________

22. Within two years of the oil strike at Spindletop, Beaumont’s population changed from 9,000 to 50,000

23. Dirty, crowded, rough places whose populations grew almost overnight

24. Boomtowns

25. What effect did the Spindletop strike have on the local economy?

26. It caused an economic boom and created many jobs.

27. Gasoline is used in what kind of engine?

28. Internal Combustion Engine

29. The demand for gasoline increased as more Americans began to use _______.

30. The demand for gasoline increased as more Americans began to use cars.

31. Which agency was given the authority to enforce laws concerning the petroleum industry?

32. Texas Railroad Commission

33. Why was the Texas Railroad Commission given authority to enforce laws concerning the petroleum industry?

34. To limit drilling

35. Why was wildcatting risky?

36. Many went bankrupt when they couldn’t find enough oil.

37. Who were the Hamill brothers?

38. They were hired to drill for oil at Spindletop.

39. When oil producers donated to charities in Texas, what was that donation known as?

40. Philanthropy

41. Define Roughnecks

42. Men who did the difficult work in oil fields

43. Put these regions in chronological order according to the drilling and discovery of oil in Texas: A. Permian Basin B. East Texas C. Panhandle and North Texas D. Gulf Coast

44. Put these regions in chronological order according to the drilling and discovery of oil in Texas: D. Gulf Coast in 1902 B. East Texas in 1903 C. Panhandle and North Texas in 1921 A. Permian Basin in 1930

45. Spindletop was not the only BIG oil strike near Beaumont. 20 miles outside Beaumont, oil was discovered at ___________________ in 1902.

46. Spindletop was not the only BIG oil strike near Beaumont. 20 miles outside Beaumont, oil was discovered at Sour Lake in 1902.

47. What is the name of the sub- region in West Texas where oil was discovered in 1920?

48. The Permian Basin

49. A gas that can be used as fuel

50. Natural Gas

51. Owning the businesses involved in each step of a manufacturing process

52. Vertical Integration

53. Owning many businesses in a particular field

54. Horizontal Integration

55. The first successful oil field in Texas

56. Spindletop