1. IESVic Climate Change and Energy Technology Adaptation Options Dr. Ned Djilali Director, Institute for Integrated Energy Systems University of Victoria www.iesvic.ca Presentation to Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry Vancouver, Feb. 28, 2003

2. IESVic Historic Transition of Global Energy System Fuel Energy Market Share (%)

3. IESVic The Path to Decarbonization C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C HH H H H H H H H H H H Coal H/C = 0.5 C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H HH Oil H/C = 2 C H H C H H C H H HH Propane H/C = 2.66 C H H HH Methane H/C = 4 HH Hydrogen H/C = 

4. IESVic Towards a Hydrogen Economy ? Energy Market Share (%) H 2 ? 20XX?

5. IESVic CO 2 Emissions by Sector, 1997 (Source: NRCan)

6. IESVic Climate Change Plan Measure- Are these sufficient? Improve efficiency by 25% (5.2 MT) Ethanol blending in 25% of gasoline (0.8 MT) Fuel Cell vehicles demo program (0.1 MT) Integrated Urban Transp. Strategy (0.8 MT) Transp. Sector Voluntary cutbacks (2 MT) Consumer action (0.8 MT) Ethanol blending in 35% of gasoline + biodiesels (2 MT) Fuel Cell vehicles demo program (0.1 MT) Sustainable Urban Planning + Public Transit (0.8 MT) More efficient goods transport (2.3 MT)

7. IESVic Coal Oil Natural gas Sunlight Wind Uranium Biomass : Automobile Telephone Light bulb NMR-scan Heat pump Refrigerator : Gasoline Electricity Methanol Methane Hydrogen : Oil refinery Hydraulic generators Nuclear power plants Anaerobic digestion : Transportation Communication Illumination Health care Keeping warm Keeping cool Food Water : Energy System Chain Services Service Technologies Currencies Transformer Technologies Sources

8. IESVic Services Service Technologies Currencies Transformer Technologies Sources HarvestingCombine Water Treatment Plant Electricity Diesel fuelDrilling rigs and oil refineries Crude oil Wind TurbineWind Hydro damsHydropower Generating stations Coal Geothermal Natural Gas Uranium Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and oil refineries Crude oil Potable Water

9. IESVic Services Service Technologies Currencies Transformer Technologies Sources HarvestingCombine Water Treatment Plant Electricity Diesel fuelDrilling rigs and oil refineries Crude oil Wind TurbineWind Hydro damsHydropower Generating stations Coal Geothermal Natural Gas Uranium Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and oil refineries Crude oil Potable Water

10. IESVic Services Service Technologies Currencies Transformer Technologies Sources HarvestingCombine Water Treatment Plant Electricity Diesel fuelDrilling rigs and oil refineries Crude oil Wind TurbineWind Hydro damsHydropower Generating stations Coal Geothermal Natural Gas Uranium Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and oil refineries Crude oil Potable Water

11. IESVic The current energy system Stationary Services Mobile Services Electricity: available baseload Hydro Oil/Nat. Gas Coal Nuclear Oil Renewables etc.

12. IESVic The emerging energy system Stationary Services Electricity: available baseload Hydro Nuclear Wind Solar Geothermal Tidal Biomass Natural Gas Mobile Services Hydrogen Storage Fuel Cell Hydrogen Production

13. IESVic Technology Wind turbines Micro-power technology Nuclear Reactors Reformers Electrolysis High Pressure Composites Liquefaction Metal Hydrides Gas pipelines Fuel Cells Hybrid electric cars Co-generation Challenges Costs Hydrogen Infrastructure Insufficient pace of development Insufficient Government Incentives/Penalties Inadequate Demonstration Programs Risk of losing Canadian companies How do we get there ?

14. IESVic Initiatives around the World California Fuel Cell Partnership European Fuel Cell Bus Demonstration Global Environment facility-UNDP Japan Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Demonstration Project = “Kyoto” + Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Environmental + Economic Opportunity

15. IESVic Transportation Energy Service Through Time Horse Hay Agriculture Sunlight Steam Locomotive Coal Coal mine Coal fields ICE Automobile Gasoline Oil refinery Crude oil Fuel Cell Vehicles Hydrogen Natural gas Steam methane reforming Electrolysis Sunlight Wind Uranium 1770s 1870s 1970s 2070s www.iesvic.ca