1. Anthony Catalano

2.  Any device that analyzes a biological compound into a measurable signal  Composed of a bioreceptor, transducer, and an electronic peripheral

3.  Bioreceptor: Part of device that interacts with a biological material to identify and interact with a target molecule  Transducer: Part of the device that turns the target molecule into a measured signal  Electronic Peripheral: Turns the measured signal into a graphical user interface (GUI) utilizing microprocessors  Enzymes, Antibodies, or nucleic acids.  Piezoelectric, Thermal, Electrochemical, and Optical  LED Display

4.  Piezoelectric: crystal detector uses the change of frequency to calculate change in mass  Thermal: measures change in heat (exothermic, endothermic)  Electrochemical: (Amperometric, or potentiometric) uses electrodes to measure current  Optical: uses Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), or reflectance to identify various biological molecules  Measures Mass  Measures heat, requires large sample size, complicated devices  Amperometric are among the most common transducers for biosensors  Great for identifying antigens, or cancerous cells in a solution

5. Current Applications  Lab-on-a-chip  Pollutant Control  Patient Diagnosis  Detection of harmful pathogens, bacteria, toxic compounds Future  Disposable  Low Cost  Increased Sensitivity  Improved Microprocessors  Multipurpose  Environmental friendly

6. 1. Pohanka, Miroslave. "Electrochemical Biosensors – Principles and Applications." Journal of Applied Biomedicine (2008): 58-62. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. 2. Mutharasan, Raj. "Biosensors." Engineering Biotechnology. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.gatewaycoalition.org/files/Hidde n/sensr/ch1/1_1f.htm>. 3. Kumar, Ashok. "Biosensors Based on Piezoelectric Crystal Detectors: Theory and Application." Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Microelectronics Research (2010): 1-6. Web. http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0010/ Kumar/Kumar-0010.html 4. Dey, D., and T. Goswami. "Optical Biosensors: A Revolution Towards Quantum Nanoscale Electronics Device Fabrication." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011.348218 (2011): 0-7. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jbb /2011/348218/>.