1. SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual
Mark Terzigni
Project Manager
SMACNA Technical Resources

2. History 1976 – Guidelines for Seismic Restraint of Mechanical Systems
(Sheet Metal Industry Fund of Los Angeles)
1982 – Guidelines for Seismic Restraints of Mechanical Systems and Plumbing Piping Systems
(Sheet Metal Industry Fund of Los Angeles and The Plumbing and Piping Industry Council , Inc.)

3. History
1991 – Seismic Restraint Manual – Guidelines for Mechanical Systems
(SMACNA)
Included larger ducts
Included conduit
Created Seismic Hazard Level (SHL)
1993 – Appendix E
Corrections and Clarifications
Specific Requirements for OSHPD
OSHPD Approval

4. History
1998 – Second Edition
2000 – ANSI Approval
2000 – Addendum #1

5. QUESTION??
What is the Issue?

6. ANSWER
Physics!!

7. PHYSICS
F = Ma

8. Code Considerations OLDER CODES BOCA Fp = AvCcPacWc SBCCI ICBO
Fp = ZIpCpWp

9. All Codes Take the Form of
Fp = Cs Wp
Where Cs = A series of constants given in the building code
Cs is a measure of acceleration

10. Current Codes International Building Code (IBC) 2000-2003
Fp = 0.4ap SDS Wp (1 + 2Z/h)
Rp/Ip
Uniform Building Code (UBC) 1997
Fp = apCaIp (1 + 3hx/hr) Wp Rp

11. The Form is the Same IBC 0.4 apSDS is a measure of acceleration Rp/Ip
UBC
apCaIp is a measure of acceleration Rp

12. Simplifying
IBC
Fp = CsWp (1 +2Z/h)
UBC
Fp = Cs(1 + 3hx/hr)Wp

13. The Components IBC (1 + 2Z/h) and UBC (1 + 3hx/hr)
Are Adjustments for the Anticipated Force Levels Depending on Location in the Building

14. Basic Equation Fp = CsWp
Where Cs includes the Location Adjustment Factors

15. Rearranging the EquationFp = Cs Wp

16. The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual has Tables for Four Values of Cs
These Tables are Identified as Seismic Hazard Level (SHL)

17. SMACNA SHL Values SHL A = Cs = 1.0 SHL B = Cs = 0.75 SHL C = Cs = 0.50
SHL D = Cs = 0.25

18. The Design Professional Should
Calculate Cs from the Information in the Applicable Local Building Code
Calculate the Values of Cs at the Various Attachment Locations in the Building
Indicate the Required SMACNA SHL Tables to be Used at the Different Attachment Locations

19. Terms Occupancy Category Seismic Design Category Seismic Hazard Level
I – IV Table 1-1 ASCE-7 05
Seismic Design Category
Section 11.6 ASCE-7 05
Seismic Hazard Level
A-D based on seismic acceleration SMACNA

20. ASCE-7 05

21. General Requirements
Details provide lateral bracing system. Typical vertical supports per local building code must be used.
Thermal expansion not given but must be considered.
Duct construction to conform to the appropriate SMACNA publications.

22. General Requirements
Pipes will conform to ANSI/ASME B 31.9 Building Services Piping Code.
Brace in-line equipment independently of ducts and pipes.
Cold formed angles to conform to the requirements of the latest "Specifications for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members" (AISI) (FY = 33 KSI)

23. General Requirements
Hot rolled shapes and plates to conform to ASTM A36. Pipes used as braces to conform to ASTM A120 or A53.
Cables to have minimum breaking strength. Per Table 3-2.

24. General Requirements Bolts to conform to ASTM A307.
Expansion anchors per Table Proprietary connectors may be used where values are greater.
Welding to conform to AWS D1.1 using shielded or submerged ARC method.
Brace conduit same as equivalent weight of pipe.

25. General Requirements Do not mix solid and cable bracing.
Bracing for equipment NOT included.
All runs will have a minimum of two transverse and one longitudinal braces.
A run is defined as any change in direction except as allowed by offsets.

26. Bracing of Ducts
Seismic supports are not required for HVAC ductwork when the Ip = 1.0 if either of the following conditions is met for the entire duct run:
Ducts are suspended from hangers 12 in. or less as measured from the top of the duct to the bottom of the support where

27. Bracing of Ducts
the hanger is attached. Hangers must be positively attached to the duct within 2 in. of the top of the duct with a minimum of two #10 sheet metal screws. Lateral motion will not cause damaging impact with other systems. Lateral motion will not cause loss of vertical support.
Ducts have a cross-sectional area of 6 ft2 or less.

28. Bracing of Ducts
Transverse and longitudinal bracing per tables (Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8).
Ducts may be grouped. Select bracing requirements based on combined weight. Minimum of two sides to be attached to horizontal or vertical angles.

29. Bracing of Ducts
Wall penetrations may replace transverse brace. Solid blocking required.

30. Bracing of Pipes or Conduit
Brace fuel oil, and gas (such as, fuel gas, medical gas, and compressed air) as per local codes.
Brace all pipes 3 inch nominal diameter or larger.

31. Bracing of Pipes - Conduit
Transverse and longitudinal bracing as per tables (Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8).
Provide joints/connections capable of accommodating seismic displacements where pipes pass through building seismic or expansion joints or where pipes connect to equipment with vibration isolators.

32. Bracing of Pipes - Conduit
Seismic supports are not required for piping systems where one of the following conditions is met:
Piping is supported by rod hangers; hangers in the pipe run are 12 in. (305 mm) or less in length from the top of the pipe to the supporting structure;

33. Bracing of Pipes - Conduit
hangers are detailed to avoid bending of the hangers and their attachments; and provisions are made for piping to accommodate expected deflections.
High-deformability piping is used; provisions are made to avoid impact with larger piping or mechanical

34. Bracing of Pipes - Conduit
components or to protect the piping in the event of such impact; and the following requirements are satisfied:
For Seismic Design Categories D, E or F where Ip is greater than 1.0, the nominal pipe size shall be 1 in. (25 mm) or less.

35. Bracing of Pipes - Conduit
For Seismic Design Category C, where Ip is greater than 1.0, the nominal pipe size shall be 2 in. (51 mm) or less.
For Seismic Design Category D, E or F where Ip is equal to 1.0, the nominal pipe size shall be 3 in. (76 mm) or less.

36. Vertical risers not specifically engineered will be laterally supported with a riser clamp at each floor.

37. DEFINITIONS
TRANSVERSE BRACE - those designed and installed to restrain movement in the direction perpendicular to the piping or duct run

38. DEFINITIONS
LONGITUDINAL BRACE - those designed and installed to restrain movement in the direction parallel to the piping or duct run
RUN (Piping or Duct) - a straight length with no changes in direction except as allowed by offsets

39. Elements of a Seismic Restraint
Brace
Attachment to the Component
Attachment to the Structure

40. Bracing Members
RIGID
Angles
Pipes
Strut Channels
NON-RIGID
Cables

41. Connection to the Element
Ducts
Pipes

42. Connections to Ducts
The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual Contains 12 Different Details for Connecting to Ductwork, Rectangular and Round

43. FIGURE 4-2 SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS

44. FIGURE 4-3 SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS

45. FIGURE 4-4 CABLE SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS

46. FIGURE 4-5 SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS

47. FIGURE 4-6 CENTER BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS

48. FIGURE 4-7 CABLE CENTER BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS

49. FIGURE 4-8 FLOOR SUPPORTED DUCT

50. FIGURE 4-9 SINGLE HANGER SPACING FOR ROUND DUCTS 33-36 INCHES (838-900 MM)

51. FIGURE 4-10 SINGLE HANGER CABLE BRACING FOR ROUND DUCTS 33-36 INCHES (838-900 MM)

52. Connections to Piping/Conduit Systems
The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual Contains 10 Different Details for Connecting to Piping/Conduit Systems

53. FIGURE 4-13 TRANSVERSE BRACING FOR PIPES

54. FIGURE 4-14 STRUT BRACING FOR PIPES

55. FIGURE 4-16 LONGITUDINAL BRACING FOR PIPES

56. FIGURE 4-18 CABLE BRACING FOR PIPES

57. FIGURE 4-20 STRUT BRACING FOR PIPE TRAPEZE

58. FIGURE 4-21 CABLE BRACING FOR PIPE TRAPEZE

59. FIGURE 4-22 FLOOR SUPPORTED PIPES

60. Tables

61. Table 5-1 Side Bracing For Rectangular Ducts, SHL A, L=2' 8" (MAX.)

62. Table 5-2 Side Bracing For Rectangular Ducts With Rod Hangers, SHL A

63. Table 5-6 Bracing For Round Ducts, SHL A

64. Table 5-7 Schedule For Bracing Pipes And Conduit, SHL A

65. Table 5-8 Schedule For Bracing Pipes On Trapeze, SHL A

66. Connection to the Structure

67. Connections to the Structure
The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual Contains 8 Levels for Connection into Concrete
(2) 1 Bolt Connection
(3) 2 Bolt Connections
(3) 4 Bolt Connections

68. Connections to the Structure
The SMACNA Manual Contains
(6) Alternative Connections to Concrete
(6) Details for Connection to Steel
(3) Details for Connections to Wood

69. FIGURE 8-1 CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE

70. Table 9-1 Schedule For Typical Connections To Structural Supporting Members

71. Miscellaneous Connections

72. Miscellaneous Connections
The SMACNA Manual contains:
Specific Details on Various Connections
Bracing for Hubless Cast Iron Pipe
Riser Bracing for Hubless Pipes
Seismic Joints in Pipes

73. Miscellaneous Connections
The SMACNA Manual contains:
Welded Tabs for Pipe Connections
Stiffeners & Saddles at Pipe Clamps

74. FIGURE 8-2 ADJUSTABLE CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE

75. FIGURE 8-4 ALTERNATE CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE

76. FIGURE 8-6 CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE FILL ON STEEL DECK

77. FIGURE 8-12 CONNECTIONS TO STEEL

78. FIGURE 9-5 CABLE END CONNECTION

79. FIGURE 9-10 RISER BRACING FOR HUBLESS PIPES

80. FIGURE 9-17 WELDED TABS

81. PROJECT:
Getty Center - Brentwood, California
SIZE:
6 Buildings, 110 Acres, 100 Year Life, 945,000 SF
COST:
1 Billion
TIME:
Start 1989, (1992), Complete 1997
MECHANICAL:
4350 Tons Cooling - Central Plant
PIPING/SHEET METAL:
30 Million (No Equipment)
SEISMIC RESTRAINT COST:
3 Million
SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS:
10.0 Richter Earthquake
SEISMIC DESIGN (Mechanical):
Contractor/Consultant
SEISMIC SOURCES:
SMACNA Guidelines/Consultant

97. Other Resources
ASHRAE –
A Practical Guide to Seismic Restraint