1. TNO Bouw 2000 AIRLESS  Design, Operation and Maintenance Criteria for Air Handling Systems and Components for better Indoor Air Quality and Lower Energy Consumption, Pre-Normative Research (1998- 2000)  Enerbuild participant no. 11  Co-ordinator: –TNO Building and Construction Reseach –Dr. Philomena M. Bluyssen

2. TNO Bouw 2000 PARTICIPANTS TNO Building and Construction Research (NL) Helsinki University of Technology (FIN) Technical University of Berlin (D) IDMEC, University of Porto (P) Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (CH) Technical University of Denmark (DK) Halton Oy (FIN) Heinrich Nickel GmbH (D) University of Sevilla (E) Sulzer-Infra Labs Ltd (CH) Swiss Federal Institute for Testing Materials (CH) Sorane SA (CH)

3. TNO Bouw 2000 BACKGROUND  JOU2-CT92-0022 (European IAQ Audit project): –poor indoor air quality in 56 office buildings –reasons: building materials and components of ventilation systems  JOU2-CT93-0343 (European database on indoor air pollution sources): –characterisation/modelling of building materials –pre-study in ventilation system: contribute significantly to indoor air pollution, but unclear why, how and when.

4. TNO Bouw 2000 STANDARDS  Current standards for ventilation consider occupants as the main source of pollution, they do not consider the ventilation system or building materials as a pollution source  Current standards for maintenance of ventilation systems are concerned with repair and failure response of system components not with indoor environment

5. TNO Bouw 2000 MAIN OBJECTIVE  To develop strategies, principles and protocols to improve and control the performance of HVAC-systems and its components for incorporation in codes and guidelines

6. TNO Bouw 2000 OBJECTIVES  To characterise the IAQ-performance of HVAC-systems and the pollution from HVAC- components.  To investigate and develop innovative ways to improve the IAQ-performance of the components.  To further develop protocols for testing HVAC-components and systems.  To provide 20 entries for the European Database on Indoor Air Pollution Sources in Buildings.

7. TNO Bouw 2000 OBJECTIVES  To develop new maintenance protocols for HVAC components and systems  To develop a model for prediction of perceived air quality from HVAC-systems  To define strategies for HVAC-systems and components to ensure a better indoor air quality with a low energy consumption.  To ensure the outcome of the project is disseminated properly to CEN or a-like organisations and the industry.

8. TNO Bouw 2000 METHODOLOGY  STEP 1: Define the pollution and to investigate ways to prevent this pollution  STEP 2: Define protocols to keep this pollution away (by maintenance)  STEP 3: Develop a model to predict pollution caused by a system  STEP 4: Define strategies to decrease the pollution caused by a HVAC-system on one hand and strategies to lower the energy consumption on the other hand (design and operation).

9. TNO Bouw 2000 COMPONENTS INVESTIGATED  Filters  Humidifiers  Duct works  Heating and cooling coils  Rotating heat exchangers

10. TNO Bouw 2000 METHODOLOGY Task 6 Co-ordination Task 2 Maintenance Task 3 Model PAQ Task 1 Characterisation Task 4 Strategies Task 5 Dissemination

11. TNO Bouw 2000 STATUS 199819992000 123456meetings

12. TNO Bouw 2000 CONCLUSIONS SO FAR  Main sources and reasons for pollution have been identified.  Higher air temperature and higher relative humidity will cause a higher risk of pollution  The effect of airflow seems less important  Filter is still a component that needs to be studied further.

13. TNO Bouw 2000 CONCLUSIONS SO FAR  A maintenance protocol has been drafted, including cleanliness criteria for most of the components investigated.  A model to predict perceived air quality from a ventilation system has not been established.

14. TNO Bouw 2000 OUTLOOK  Manual with simplified approach to optimise IAQ and energy use of HVAC-systems is being drafted.  Maintenance protocol is being made ready for publication (possibly to be part of a VDI standard, this is under discussion with the German standardisation organ)  Principles of classification of components in respect to air quality are being developed.

15. TNO Bouw 2000 OUTLOOK  Workshop for external interested parties (industry) on “Energy efficient HVAC-systems and their impact on indoor air quality”, October 26, 2000, Porto, Portugal  Contacts with CEN are being made.