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Yan Zhang Cheng Li Brian Kirkpatrick Low rate WPAN standard
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Open Systems Interconnection Model OSI Model Data UnitLayerFunction Host layersData7. ApplicationNetwork process to application 6. PresentationData representation, encryption and decryption, convert machine dependent data to machine independent data 5. SessionInter-host communication, managing sessions between applications Segments4. TransportEnd-to-end connections, reliability and flow control Media layersPacket / Datagram 3. NetworkPath determination and logical addressing Frame2. Data linkPhysical addressing Bit1. PhysicalMedia, signal and binary transmission
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Zigbee Networks & Devices Layout: star, tree, mesh Nodes: coordinator, router, end device Algorithm considers both signal quality and hop count for each route. Avoids recalculating route Avoids resending data
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Zigbee Multiplexing Orthogonal Signaling o BPSK / QPSK o Allows multiple nodes to talk at the same time http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-shift_keying CSMA-CA o Carrier Sense Multiple Access - Collision Avoidance o Listen: If someone's talking, wait for some random t < 2^n Otherwise, your turn. o Battery Life Extension ( BLE ) 'n' is limited to n < 2 Reciever can be awake for a shorter time
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Frequency Bands Frequency Band Data Rate ( kbit/s ) Number of Channels Area 2.4 GHz25016Worldwide 915 MHz4010America & Australia 868 MHz201Europe
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ZigBee802.11 (Wi-Fi) BluetoothWireles s USB IR Wireless Data Rate20, 40, and 250 Kbits/s 11 & 54 Mbits/sec 100-500 Mbits/s 62.5 Kbits/s20-40 Kbits/s 115 Kbits/s 4 & 16 Mbits/s Range10 - 100 meters50 - 100 meters < 10 meters10 meters<10 meters (line of sight) Networking TopologyAd-hoc, peer to peer, star, or mesh Point to hubPoint to point Operating Frequency868 MHz (Europe) 900-928 MHz (NA), 2.4 GHz (worldwide) 2.4 and 5 GHz 3.1 - 10.6 GHz2.4 GHz800-900 nm Complexity (Device & application impact) LowHighMediumLow Power Consumption (Battery life) Very lowHighLow Wireless Standard Comparison
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XBee 802.15.4 RF Modules http://www.digi.com/products/wireless-wired-embedded-solutions/zigbee-rf-modules
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XBee 802.15.4 RF Modules Ideal for low-power, low-cost applications XBee-PRO modules are power-amplified versions Fully interoperable with other XBee products
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XBee vs XBee-PRO http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf SpecificationXBeeXBee - Pro Indoor/Urban RangeUp to 30 mUp to 90 m Outdoor RF line-of-sight Range Up to 90 mUp to 1600 m Transmit Power Output ( software selectable ) 1mW63mW RF Data Rate250,000 bps Serial Interface Data Rate (software selectable ) 1200 bps - 250 kbps
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http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf Power RequirementsXBeeXBee-PRO Supply Voltage2.8-3.4 V Transmit Current(typical) 45mA(@3.3V)250mA(@3.3 V) Idle/Receive Current(typical) 50mA(@3.3 V)55mA(@3.3 V) Power-down Current< 10 uA XBee vs XBee-PRO
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Why X b ee over bluetooth Multi-point networks Low power in specific conmunicaiton scenarios
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XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module XBee $23 Baud rate speeds: 1200bps - 250 Kbps Indoor/Urban: up to 30m outdoor line-of-sight: up to 90m 1 mW (0dBm) transmitter power output 1 mW (0dBm) receive sensitivity Bluetooth SMD RN-41 $25 Baud rate speeds: 1200bps up to 921Kbps Class 1 radio, 100m distance 15dBm transmitter power output -80dBm receive sensitivity
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XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module http://www.rovingnetworks.com/files/resources/Bluetooth-RN-41-DS.pdf ModuleXBee(3.3Typ.)Bluetooth SMD(3.3Typ.) Supply Voltage2.8-3.4 V3.0-3.6 V Transmit Current35 mA normal mode 45 mA boost mode 65mA(100mA Max.) Receive current50 mA35mA(60mA Max.) Power-down sleep current <10 µA25mA default settings 2.5mA deep sleep Connected current50 mA30mA normal mode 8mA lower power sniff
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XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module Scenario 1: AAA Alkaline battery (1200 mAh) as power supply Normal mode and default settings Transit 1%, receive 1%, connected 3% , sleep 95% XBee: 1200 * 2 / (35 * 0.01 + 50 * 00.1 + 50 * 0.03 + 0.01 * 0.95) = 1017 h Bluetooth SMD: 1200 * 2 / (65 * 0.01 + 35 * 0.01 + 30 * 0.03 + 25 * 0.95) = 94h
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XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module Scenario 2: AAA Alkaline battery (1200 mAh) as power supply Normal mode and default settings Transit 1%, receive 1%, connected 95% , sleep 3% XBee: 1200 * 2 / (35 * 0.01 + 50 * 0.01 + 50 * 0.95 + 0.01 * 0.3) = 50 h Bluetooth SMD: 1200 * 2 / (65 * 0.01 + 35 * 0.01 + 30 * 0.95 + 25 * 0.3) = 65 h
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XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module http://www.rovingnetworks.com/files/resources/Bluetooth-RN-41-DS.pdf ModuleXBee(3.3Typ.)Bluetooth SMD(3.3Typ.) Supply Voltage2.8-3.4 V3.0-3.6 V Transmit Current35 mA normal mode 45 mA boost mode 65mA(100mA Max.) Receive current50 mA35mA(60mA Max.) Power-down sleep current <10 µA25mA default settings 2.5mA deep sleep Connected current50 mA30mA normal mode 8mA lower power sniff
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Easy to use http://www.cooking-hacks.com/index.php/blog/tutorial-arduino-deluxe-pack Mount into a receptacle Free X-CTU Software
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XBee and GPS with Arduino UNO http://www.cooking-hacks.com/index.php/blog/tutorial-arduino-deluxe-pack Read the data from the GPS module and transmit it through the XBee 802.15.4.
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19 ZigBee Applications TELECOM SERVICES m-commerce info services object interaction (Internet of Things) ZigBee Wireless Control that Simply Works HOME CONTROL TV VCR DVD/CD remote security HVAC lighting control access control irrigation PC & PERIPHERALS INDUSTRIAL CONTROL asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt PERSONAL HEALTH CARE security HVAC AMR lighting control access control mouse keyboard joystick patient monitoring fitness monitoring
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Application 1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation
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Chronic Disease Monitoring From ZigBee Alliance, health care white paper. https://docs.zigbee.org/zigbee-docs/dcn/09-4962.pdf
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Application 1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation
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Multipoint Remote Control
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Compare with infrared-based (IR) remote controls Longer Battery Life Wider Range Better Interference Better Compatibility Higher Price Lower Data Rate
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Application 1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation
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Telecom Services
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Application 1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation
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Slide 30 Home Automation Home Heartbeat
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Conclusion Low power, low range, low cost wireless protocol Uses DSSS and addressing to network Xbee and Xbee-pro Xbee vs Bluetooth modules Particularly suited for: Many to Many Extremely low power burst
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References http://www.zigbee.org/Standards/Overview.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigbee http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.15.4 http//www.zigbee.org/ http://zone.ni.com/ http://www.digi.com/products/wireless-wired- embedded-solutions/zigbee-rf-modules/point- multipoint-rfmodules/xbee-series1- module#overview
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Question?
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