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> environmental and Physical considerations
> accommodations and security on-site
> construction space and storage of materials on the site
> special requirements based on the design plans and site environment
> documentations and specifications e.g. building permit
> plan drawings of Foundation system, Structural system, external envelope
e.g. portal frame design
- a clients engages an architect and consulting engineer who prepare structural design drawings of the portal frame and submit the project to the tender
- the builder sub-contracts the structural steelwork to steel fabricator on the basis of the consulting engineer drawing
- steel fabrication is started by following the detail shop drawings drawn by draftsmen
> site set out, excavation, foundations, structural frame set up, external envelope system, internal finish
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4. Pre-fabrication considerations of off-site production
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Pre-fabrication considerations of off-site production
> logistic - storage
- transport
- site
- management
> procurement
- contract form
- manufacture
> motivation
- costs
- skills
- project management
> site assembly
- site environment
- labour
- management
> Design
- rationalisation
- standardisation
- co-ordination
- decisions
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5. Pre-fabricated metal ideal for roofing and walling
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Pre-fabricated metal ideal for roofing and walling
STEEL
Advantages
- no waster material
- capacity for long clear span
- quick construction times
Disadvantage
- some reduction in thermal insulation
- low thermal mass ( high temperature variation)
- sound transmission may be problem is not detailed well
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[[Click on image to start video]]
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8. Pre construction process
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Pre construction process
architect
engineer
builder
tender
off-site fabrication
fabricator
Shop drawings
Under construction process
on-site construction
steelworker
Concrete panel labour
Finish building
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9. Preparation of Pad Footing
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Preparation of Pad Footing
Floating the bolts (Fig. C003)
> hole excavated ready for concrete foundation
> holding down bolts are then inserted and fixed to a timber base plate, which is same size as the steel base plate and holes are in the same position.
> timber base plate fixed to a temporary timber frame
> temporary timber frame fixed to correct level by pegged into the surrounding ground and held at the correct position
> concrete can be poured around the bolts after level checked
(Fig.C003)
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Section Drawings of Pad Footing drawn by architect and engineer
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12. Steel Portal Frame BACK to main page next >>
> economic alternative to warehouse structure
> To be effective a pitched roof portal frame should have as low a pitch as practical to minimize spread at the knee joint.
> the connection to the column haunched at the knee joint to make the connection deeper and stiffer
> the haunching can be fabricated by welding a I-section to the rafter, which is the most economic in steel fabrication.
- Design by architect - Liasion with structural engineer - Tender documents - Quotes from steel fabricator - Shop drawings—accurate details by draftsperson - Fabrication—off site - erection of steelwork
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13. Base Plate of Steel Column
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Base Plate of Steel Column
> steel base plae welded or fixed with bolted connection with angle cleats
Column attached to Pad Footing
> Large washer fixed to bolt to prevent pull out
> holding down bolts set into the concrete foundation > non shrinkable grout filled void left below steel base plate > steel packing shims fixed under base plate at correct level > Base plate welded to bottom of column
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Stages of setting up stanchion
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16. Apex Joint BACK to main page
Stiffening at ridge of steel portal frame at apex joint
> the junction of the rafter at the ridge is often stiffened by welding I-section haunching to the underside of the rafter > end plates welded to rafter and hauncing and bolted together
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17. Knee Joint BACK to main page
Haunch to the steel portal frame at knee joint
> The haunched connection of the rafter to the column can be fabricated by welding a I-cut section haunching to the underside of the rafter > the haunch length is usually of the order of 10%-15% of the span of the rafter > with the depth of the section at the haunch is about twice of rafter depth
> web stiffener welded to top of column
bolt connection from
column to haunching
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18. Cross Bracing BACK to main page next >>
secure the structural elements from wind loads
avoid bending of the structural elements
- resist lateral forces
bracing between stanchion to stanchion
Roof bracing
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20. Precast Concrete Panel Advantage
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Precast Concrete Panel Advantage
- good sound reduction
- good fire resistance
- loadbearing capacity
- high thermal mass (less variation of temperture)
Disadvantage
- large amount of work required on-site
- negerates waste on-site (drilling holes for services
- units are heavy
- high degree of finishing required on-site
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21. Precast Concrete Panel - bolted to stanchion
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Precast Concrete Panel - bolted to stanchion
-Typical shop drawing of panel details required
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22. Lifting up Concrete Panel
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Lifting up Concrete Panel
Standard concrete panels and units are stored ready for delivery
Panel can be assembled around a frame or can from self supporting structure
Mobile crane may be required
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Connection between stanchion and concrete panel

24. Steel Sheet Cladding BACK to main page next >>
- Roof/wall sheeting: approx. 0.4mm thick - Made from zincalume (Zinc & aluminium coated steel) - Available in a variety of profiles, including traditional corrugated and concealed fixed products - Sheeting is usually ‘custom cut’ by the manufacturer to suit the requirements for a particular job - Spanning capabilities: roof: 1200mm – corrugated sheeting; 2700mm –stronger, deeper profiles
walls: can be 25 – 50% greater than roof spans
Advantages
- Cost effective
- Lightweight
- High structural capacity
- Low maintenance
- Consistency of quality
- Zincalume steel: high solar reflectance qualities; rapid heat dissipation
Disadvantages
- Limitation to heights that can be reached by sheeting
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Steel Sheet Cladding
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The construction of buildings. Volume 4, Foundations and sub-structures, steel frames, concrete, concrete frames, external walls of framed buildings, R. Barry , BSP Professional Books, 1992, c1986
Construction and Structures 2 Reading, Deakin university 2006
Roofing, Walling, Rainwater & Structural Products, Stramit Corporation Pty Ltd, may 2004
Barry Advanced Construction of Buildings, Stepen E & Christopher G, Blackwell, 2006
accessed
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