1. The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities

2. The Quakers believed that people of different beliefs could live together in harmony. They helped to create a climate of tolerance and acceptance in the middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, as you will read in this section.

3. The Middle Colonies attracted Dutch and German farmers who, through their use of advanced farming techniques, were able to grow cash crops of fruits, vegetables and above all grain.

5. At a gristmill, corn, wheat, rye, and other grains, were turned into flower or meal which could be later turned into bread, or be sold at market.

6. Gristmill with water wheel, Skyline Drive, VA.

9. Because of the burgeoning export market, large port cities like New York and Philadelphia quickly grew in the early 1700s, exporting flour, bread, furs, and whale oil.

14. Middle Colony port towns attracted many German immigrants. Some of these immigrants were artisans who created cottage industries that would later form the basis of the factory system.

16. Germans built Conestoga wagons to carry their produce to town.

17. The first Conestoga wagons appeared in Pennsylvania around 1725 and are thought to have been introduced by Mennonite German settlers in that area, and its name came from the Conestoga Valley in that region.

18. Because of the large number of Dutch in New York, and Quakers in Pennsylvania, the middle colonies had a climate of tolerance.

19. The tolerant attitude of the Middle Colonies did not prevent about 7% of the population from being enslaved. This situation occasionally lead to violence.

21. FOR UNDERSTANDING

22. Dutch and German farmers of the Middle Colonies used advanced farming techniques to grow cash crops of fruits, vegetables and______. 1) tobacco 2) grain 3) livestock 4) dairy products

23. At a ______, corn, wheat, rye, and other grains, were turned into flower or meal. 1) factory 2) warehouse 3) gristmill 4) silo

24. Because of the burgeoning export market, large port cities like ______quickly grew in the early 1700s, exporting flour, bread, furs, and______. 1) Jamestown and Philadelphia, cattle 2) Philadelphia and Charleston, slaves 3) New York and Philadelphia, whale oil 4) New York and Boston, lumber

25. Many German immigrants were ______ who created ______that would later form the basis of the factory system. 1) artisans, cottages 2) artists, cottage industries 3) artisans, manufacturing centers. 4) artisans, cottage industries

26. The tolerant attitude of the Middle Colonies did not prevent about ______ of the population from being enslaved. 1) 40%. 2) 17% 3) 13%. 4) 7%

27. Germans built ______ to carry their produce to town. 1) trebuchets 2) chuckwagons 3) Conestoga wagons 4) carts

28. Because of the large number of ______ in New York, and ______ in Pennsylvania, the middle colonies had a climate of tolerance. 1) Dutch, Quakers 2) Dutch, Puritans 3) Germans, Quakers 4) Germans, Puritans

29. The ______ had a relatively tolerant attitude toward various European immigrants and religions. 1) Backcountry 2) New England Colonies 3) Southern Colonies 4) Middle Colonies

30. Middle Colony port towns during the 1700s attracted many ______ immigrants. 1) Polish 2) German 3) Chinese 4) Spanish