2. A New Kind of Revolution
Preview
Starting Points Map: Resources of Great Britain
Main Idea / Reading Focus
A Revolution in Great Britain
A Revolution in Textiles
Steam Powers the Revolution
Faces of History: James Watt
Industrialization Spreads

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4. A New Kind of Revolution
Main Idea
In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries.
Reading Focus
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles?
How did steam power the Industrial Revolution?
Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?

5. A Revolution in Great Britain
During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution.
Exploration and colonialism
Seapower
Political stability
Government support
Growth of private investment
Factors for Success
Research and development on farms
Jethro Tull, seed drill
Improved livestock breeding
Better varieties of food crops
Increased food supply
Population grew
Enclosure movement
Agricultural Factors

6. Britain’s Big Advantage
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain.
Had essential elements for economic success
Factors of production
Land
Labor
Capital

7. Find the Main Idea
Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
Answer(s): Colonies around the world supplied raw materials; powerful navy and merchant fleet facilitated trade; waterways provided power and transportation; enclosure movement led to large labor supply; private investors provided funds for investment; coal and iron deposits provided needed resources

8. A Revolution in Textiles
Textile Industry
Beginning of Industrial Revolution
Weaving was a cottage industry
Labor performed at home
Industrialization transformed this
Fabric made of wool or cotton
Supply of fibers increased in the 1700s
Slave labor in America
Invention of cotton gin
Invention of spinning jenny
Invention of flying shuttle
New Way of Making Cloth
Cottages too small
Factory invented
Power for factories?
Water frame for water power
Output increased 8x by 1770
Cloth-making in Factories

9. Identify Problem and Solution
How did machines solve problems that weavers faced?
Answer(s): spinning jenny and spinning frame spun thread into yarn, "flying shuttle" and power loom made weaving faster

10. Steam Powers the Revolution
First successful steam engine in 1712
Innovations by James Watt
Steam power versus water power
Steam locomotives
Steamships
Robert Fulton
Development of Steam Engine
Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel
Wood scarce
Coal mining industry
Changing landscapes
Dangers of mining
Coal for Steam Engines

12. Make Generalizations
What impact did the steam engine have on the growth of British industry?
Answer(s): major impact; used in textile mills, factories could be located away from rivers, powered locomotives and ships, led to development of coal as a resource, more factories built near northern coal mines

13. Industrialization Spreads
Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry?
Political liberty
Freedom to compete
Rewards reaped
Exploitation and improvements
Why Western Countries?
British restrictions
Hamilton, 1791
Samuel Slater
Water frame
Slater’s Mill
Lowell’s Mill
America
Belgium, 1807
France, 1815
Germany, 1850
Railroads
Treaties
Europe

14. Industry in Asia Eventually, industry spread to Asia.
Japan first in 1868
Meiji government
The 1900s—industrialization for
China
India
Russia

15. Compare and Contrast
How did industrialization in Britain compare to the process in America and Europe?
Answer(s): Britain industrialized first, America and Europe benefited from earlier inventions; Lowell factory in Massachusetts was first all-in-one mill; political issues delayed industrial development in continental Europe