1. A New Kind of Revolution
Chapter 21
Section 1

2. Key Terms Industrial Revolution Enclosure movement
Factors of production
Cottage industry
Factory
Industrialization
Jethro Tull
Richard Arkwright
James Watt
Robert Fulton

3. A Revolution in Great Britain
Humans and animals were main energy source
People began to develop water and steam power
Industrial Revolution-the era when the use of power driven machines was developed

4. Factors for Success
Exploration and colonization-provided raw materials such as cotton and fiber
Colonies became new markets
Sea power brings in raw material and send out manufactured goods because of strong navy

5. Factors of Success
Political stability-1700’s at home the country was a peace, commerce thrived
Government support-Parliament passed laws that favored business
Growth of private investment-private funding for research and development

6. Agricultural Factors Most of research took place on farms
Jethro Tull-1701 invented the seed drill
made planting grain more efficient
Improved livestock breeding
Potatoes were developed

7. Agricultural Factors Increased food supply Population grew
Wealthy landowners combined fields to create large farms
Enclosure development-the fencing in of large farms
Threw countless farmers of their fields
Moved to the city for jobs

8. Britain’s Big Advantage
Factors of productions-land, labor and capitol
Land- means all of place’s natural resources
Coal to burn as fuel
Iron to make steel
Water was the most important
Streams and rivers turned waterwheels and generated power

9. Britain’s Big Advantage
Waterways provided transportation between mines, factories and markets
Mid 1700’s had 1000 miles of canals
Grew to 4,000 by 1800
Deep water ports for long distance shipping

10. Britain’s Big Advantage
Labor- had a growing population
Thousands lost their farmland
Entire families would go to work in an industry
Capitol-funds investment for business
People with money to spend
People with skills
inventors

11. A Revolution in Textiles
Began with textile industry
Cottage industry- a craft occupation performed at home
Industrialization-the process of changing to power driven machinery

12. A New Way to Make Cloth Most fabric made of wool or cotton
Wool increased because of enclosure movement
Shipments of cotton came from the colonies
Slave labor made cotton farming more profitable
Great Britain bought more American cotton

13. A New Way of Making Cloth
Pulling seed from cotton by hand was time consuming
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin (machine)
Fiber was then spun into yarn
James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny

14. A New Way of Making Cloth
James Arkwright- made a machine that spun stronger, thinner thread
Thread woven into fabric
Use to be done a t home
Power Loom-larger faster weaving system

15. Cloth-making in Factories
New weavers too big for the home
Factory- a building that houses industrial machines
Needed supplies of power
Arkwright built the water frame spinning system
Went from 50,000 bolts of cloth to 400,000 in thirty years

16. Steam Powers the Revolution
1712 first steam engine
of James Watts machines
Put to use in textile industry
Factories did not have to be built near water
Located where there was fuel and workers

17. Steam Powers the Revolution
Steam used for transportation
Richard Trevithick- used steam power for a locomotive
Robert Fulton used it for a steamship
1807 Clermont operated on the Hudson River
Steamships replace sailing ships

18. Coal for British Steam Engines
Steam engines require a lot of fuel
Wood was scarce
Had a large supply of coal
Coal mining grew as steam power grew
1800 Great Britain produced 80% of Europe's coal

19. Coal for British Steam Engines
Factories built near coal mines
Towns grew as factories and homes were built
Miners families experienced tragedies
Explosions
Coal dust
Collapsing shafts
Hard labor
Children slid down narrow shafts to pick coal

20. Industrialization Spreads
Western Europe, Americas
Asia and Africa did not industrialize in the 1800’s

21. Industry and the West
Western countries individual freedom a significant force
People enjoyed political liberty
People could compete
Western societies competition as good
Wealth and fame was the reward

22. Industry and the West Westerners exploited other countries to compete
Competed to improve inventions or processes

23. Industry Comes to America
Britain outlawed the export of certain machines
Forbid skilled craftsman from leaving the country
Industrial Revolution mainly in Great Britain

24. Industry comes to the America
United States one of the first places to benefit from Industrialization
1791 Alexander Hamilton (Secretary of the Treasury)
Industrialization would help the United States gain economic independence
Wanted government to bribe British citizens to brink knowledge to U.S.

25. Industry Comes to America
Samuel Slater came from Britain
Built a model of the water frame in Rhode Island
1793 built Slater’s Mill In Pawtucket Rhode island
Became the father of American industry

26. Industry Comes to America
Textile mill technology spreads
Lowell Massachusetts becomes the jewel of American Industry
Lowell’s mills were forty multistory buildings on a network of 6 miles of canals

27. Industry Comes to America
Lowell first all in one mill
Took raw cotton to fiber to finished cloth
Hired young single girls
Provided good wages and clean housing
10,000 workers employed by 1850

28. Industry Spreads to Europe
1807 William Cockerill founded a textile factory in Belgium
Political unrest delayed industrialization of France
1848 France becomes an industrial power
Treaties helped drop trade barriers

29. Industry in Asia
Although today Japan is one of the more industrialized nations
Took until 1868 for Industrial Revolution to take hold
Meiji government came to power modernized the country
Japan was ahead of its Asian neighbors