1. Premarital Sex and Community Controls Until 1750 Most of central and western Europe did not have premarital sex. ◦ Small amount of bastard children in Europe  In France less than one percent of children were illegitimate. ◦ Premarital sex was popular in some parts of Europe in 18th century.  French village Auffay in Normandy.  Many already were “going steady” (sealed the deal)

2. Premarital Sex and Community Controls Cont. The combination of… 1.a very low rate of illegitimate birth and… 2.large number of pregnant brides reflected… 1.Community Controls is a villages common patterns of cooperation and common action. (Tradition) 2.An unwed mother with an illegitimate child was seen as a threat to… 1.Economic 2.Social 3.Moral stability

3. Traditional French Peasant Household. Individuality was crushed by… ◦ Family institutions ◦ Social pressures by the village community. Anything that may endanger a couples household may endanger the community. If endangered the community would sometimes react… ◦ Violently France What is wrong with you?????? HAHA

4. DID YOU HEAR WHAT BLA BLA DID?!?!?!?!? ! ?? !! ?? ? ?! ?

5. Birth Control Community control Once a couple married Birth control ◦ Primitive and undependable ◦ Coitus interruptus  Withdrawal by the male before ejaculation ◦ French were using contraception extensively

6. Birth Control Cont. Many other means of contraception were used by curtain sectors of the urban class. “Fast Set" of London ◦ Used “Sheath” Prostitutes ◦ Many ways of contraception could be obtained.

7. New Patterns of Marriage and illegitimacy Number of illegitimate births ◦ Europe experienced an illegitimate explosion from 1750 to 1850 In Frankfurt, Germany from 1700 to 1850 Bordeaux, France by 1840 Small villages from 1750 to 1850 Profound Sexual Transformation

8. New Patterns of Marriage and illegitimacy cont. Historians debate meaning of transformation (two main ideas) ◦ Growth of Cottage industry ◦ Needs of a growing population  This is where men started to have trouble with commitment. ◦ Thus became difficult for women to convert pregnancies into marriage.