3. The Russian Revolution, 1917 Communists, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrow the Russian Government –Communists see the War as greedy imperialists fighting over the bodies of workers Russia withdraws from the War –Already had 1,500,000 dead

5. US & Russian Revolution Wilson sends 20,000 US troops into Russia –Supposedly to find some lost soldiers –But really to help destabilize new government –Troops remain til 1919 (after War!) –One cause of bad US-Russian relations Russian withdraw one reason for US entry

6. The War Ends November 11, 1918 Central Powers Surrender

7. Woodrow Wilson’s “14 Points” Wilson’s Plan for Peace Treaty Goal: “A Peace Without Victory” –Did not want the loser punished –Main purpose is to avoid a future war

8. Wilson’s 14 Points Points 1-5 –General agreements among all countries Points 6-13 –Specific border issues, unique to time period Point 14 –Creation of a “League of Nations”

9. Wilson’s 14 Points 1—No More Secret Treaties 2—Freedom of the Seas 3—Removal of all Trade Barriers 4—Reduction of armaments (weapons) 5—Adjust borders of colonies (mainly in Africa & Asia)

10. The League of Nations Point 14 Like the modern United Nations A forum for nations to discuss conflict Hoped to be a way to avoid future wars To Wilson, THIS was the important one!!!

11. Wilson Arrives in Paris

12. The Paris Peace Talks Who Was There? –“The Big Four” US, France, England, Italy Who was NOT there? –Germany (loser in War) –Russia (new Communist govt had withdrawn in 1917 –Any Asian or African independence leaders

13. The “Big 4”—Lloyd-George, Clemenceau, Orlando, Wilson

14. Treaty of Versailles, 1919 Formally ends the War Allies Reject Wilson’s “Peace w/out Victory” Germany must take “total blame” Germany must pay $56 billion in reparations –Left Germany angry & impoverished Set up League of Nations –So Wilson supported it

15. Europe, 1914

16. Europe, 1919

17. The Versailles Treaty in the US President Negotiates Treaties Senate must approve them by a 2/3 Majority Many in Senate did not want to approve –Fear of the League of Nations Will League get us in another war? –US History of Isolationism Staying out of European affairs Senate does not pass the treaty –Partly because Wilson won’t compromise –US never joins League of Nations –Means the League is powerless

18. World War I in Review 4 years 8 million soldiers dead –Only 110,000 US soldiers 30 million total $330 billion cost Destroys Austro-Hungarian & Ottoman Empires Leaves Germany weak & helpless Puts US in position of World Leadership