1. What molecules make up living things?
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

2. What is an organic molecule?
Must contain the element _______
Found in living organisms
Some organic molecules contain _________ and _________
Some contain nitrogen (only_______)

3. What is an inorganic molecule?
Any molecule that is not organic is _________
Does not contain ________
Exception is ____ doesn’t contain H
LIVING THINGS CONTAIN BOTH ORGANIC
AND INORGANIC MOLECULES

4. 4 Kinds of Organic Compounds
__________
THESE MOLECULES CAN ALSO BE CALLED ___________________
_____= BIG , MOLECULES= DIFFERENT

5. How do carbohydrates look?
____ shaped
Contains C,H,O

6. Carbohydrate Scientific Name
Monosaccharide is the monomer (building block) name
Mono=one monosaccharide(single carb) glucose
Monosaccharides can join together to form…
Di= two disaccharide (double sugar)
glucose+ glucose= maltose
glucose +fructose= sucrose
glucose+ galactose= lactose
Poly more than two (polysaccharide)

7. Examples of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose
Dissacharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides
Starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen

8. Disaccharides

9. Polysaccharides

10. Carbohydrates- Biological Function and Features
Main source of usable ______ for organisms
Used in the presence of oxygen to generate cellular energy (ATP)= cellular respiration
Carbohydrates make up part of our cell membrane (hydrophobic)
Sweet in flavor
______ is an important complex carbohydrate made from glucose
_________ is a carbohydrate that make up plant cell walls raw veggies are crunchy because you are eating the cell wall
We store carbohydrates in the liver in a form called GLYCOGEN

11. Carbohydrate Chain on Outside of cell membrane

12. How do living things obtain these carbohydrates?
Food that they eat
Grains and plants

13. How are these molecules made and biochemically stored in organisms
How are these molecules made and biochemically stored in organisms? Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation)

14. How does condensation occur?
One molecule of water is lost for every monosaccharide molecules that come together.
Two molecules are then covalently bonded.
Can continue to form long chains called polymers

16. How do organisms break large carbohydrates for usage?
Hydrolysis
Using water to split di- and poly-saccharides in order to form monosaccharides (glucose)
The monosaccharides can then be used by cell to generate cell energy (ATP)

17. Hydrolysis

18. Animation

19. Lipids Also known as ____ or ____ Fat: solid at room temperature
Oil: liquid at room temp
Monomer building blocks of two parts: Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

20. Forming a lipid molecule
3 fatty acids molecules
1 glycerol

21. Process used to form a lipid molecule
___________ (Dehydration Synthesis)
3 Water molecules are drawn out to form one lipid molecule
Forms a triglyceride molecule

23. Lipid formation animation

24. One Lipid molecule
SHAPED LIKE A LETTER E

25. Biological Function
Lipids chiefly function in ______ storage, protection, and ________ in living things
A main component of cell membranes
Fats: found in animals
Oils: found in animals and plants.
Waxes: found in plants
solid at room temp.
________: contain fat compounds ( biological hormones, cholesterol)

26. Ways to Recognize a Lipid
3 Fatty acid chains
Shaped like a letter E
Large and long molecule

27. Types of lipids (fats) Unsaturated lipid (fats):
the fatty acid component contains C bonded to C using a double bond or a triple bond

28. Types of lipids (fats) Polyunsaturated Lipids
These lipids have more than one double or triple bond in their fatty acid tails

29. Saturated lipids (fats): all carbon in the fatty acid chains are single bonded

30. What is a protein?
_______ are organic molecules that play an important role in
_____ and _____ of cells
Can be used for _____
Helps to keep a stable body temperature(_________)
Growth and repair and support of muscle tissue, hair, skin, nails (ex. Keratin and collagen)
Carry out genetic _______ from the nucleus (in ___)
Helps to speed up biochemical reactions (_______)
Fighting off infections (antibodies)

31. Composition of Proteins
Monomer: _______ _____
3 Parts to an amino acid: Amino _____, __ side chain, _______ acid group

32. How do amino acids come together?
____________ ________ (condensation)
Results in a _________ BOND

33. How do amino acids come together

34. How do amino acids form proteins? Condensation/ Dehydration Synthesis
Forms a _______ ______ when amino acids combine
2 a.a. coming together= __PEPTIDE
3 or more a.a. coming together = ____PEPTIDE
a.a. linked together considered a PROTEIN

36. Animation- Protein

37. How can proteins change?

38. What are nucleic acids?
Compounds that contain ________ and _________ in addition to other organic elements C,O,H
Found in ___________ material in the form of ____ or ____

39. DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Contains the genetic hereditary code that makes each of us different. Our genetic “blueprint”

40. What is RNA? RNA= _________ _____ RNA is _______ stranded
Controls genetic messages of the cell to form ________ for the cell.(takes place in ________)

41. Monomer for Nucleic Acids
Arranged as repeating NUCLEOTIDES

42. RNA Picture