1. Japan

2. The Growth of Japanese Civilization
Japan’s Location
Japan lies east of China; name means “land of the rising sun”
Closest neighbor is 120 miles over water, Korea
500 miles of water separate it from China
Geography of Japan
Consists of about 3,000 islands in a 12,000-mile archipelago
The largest Island is Honshu
Varied climate, but little land for farming
The first culture will arise on the Yamato Plain

4. The Growth of Japanese Civilization
Early Japan
The earliest people were found around 57AD
They were thought to be from the Korean Peninsula

5. The Jomon Found originally around 30,000 BC
Jomon literally means “cord people’
This was due to the type of art they made
The first people were Nomads
Had exquisite Art techniques
The art should have not been able to be made until centuries later
Factors that will help the rise of civilization
Global Warming
Development of Complex Cities

7. The Yayoi Displaced immigrants from Korea and China
They brought the technology of Bronze, Iron and Shinto with them
Permanently destroy the way of life of the Jomon
Developed clans
Clans vs. Tribes

9. Shinto Many different clans worshipped own gods
This early religion later called Shinto—“the way of the gods”
Shinto worshipers respect forces of nature, ancestors, and kami
Kami—divine spirits dwelling in nature: tree, rock, waterfall

10. Yamato
Their clan will grow in power and eventually take over the islands
Will be noted for Kofun or mound tombs
They develop the earliest Japanese State
The Yamato
The Paekche (Chinese) will want an alliance and for this they provide some new imports including, writing, Confucianism, and Buddhism

11. Yamato Period: 300-710 “Great Kings” era
Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture:
Confucianism.
Language (kanji characters).
Buddhist sects.
Chinese art & architecture.
Government structure.
“Great Kings” era

12. Japanese Culture Buddhism in Japan
Japanese learn Chinese ideas, customs from contact with Korea
Buddhism spreads widely in Japan, mixes with Shinto practices
Cultural Borrowing from China
Chinese ideas, practices gain wide currency in Japan as result
Japanese adopt Chinese writing, art, and ways of everyday living
Japan does not copy China’s civil-service system

13. Prince Shotoku: 573-621 Will rule the Yamato as regent
Will eventually take power
Decides that the Chinese are doing right and adopts almost all Chinese policies
Takes the Name of Tenno ( which means heavenly emperor)

14. Prince Shotoku: 573-621 Adopted Chinese culture and Confucianism.
Buddhist sects allowed to develop.
Created a new government structure:
17 Article Constitution in 604. First form of Japanese writing

15. Heian Period: 794-1156 Characteristics:
Growth of large landed estates.
Arts & literature of China flourished.
Elaborate court life highly refined
ETIQUETTE.
Personal diaries
The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon 10c
Great novel
The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu 1000 pgs.
Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government.

16. Heian Period: Cultural Borrowing
Chinese writing.
Chinese artistic styles.
Buddhism in the form of ZEN.
BUT, not the Chinese civil service system!

17. Heian Court Dress

18. The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon (diary)

19. The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon (diary)

20. Tale of Genji (first novel)

21. Tale of Genji Scroll (first novel)

22. Lady Murasaki Shikibu
She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.

23. These new changes lead to Feudal Japan

24. Feudal
Japan

25. Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333
Minamoto Yoritomo
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate:

26. The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
Feudal Society

27. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service Japan:
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Land - Shoen
Daimyo
Daimyo
Loyalty
Samurai
Samurai
Samurai
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant

28. Code of Bushido
Fidelity
Politeness
Virility
Simplicity

29. Seppuku: Ritual Suicide
It is honorable to die in this way.
Kaishaku – his “seconds”

30. Full Samurai Attire

31. Samurai Sword

32. Early Mounted Samurai Warriors

33. Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense
A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or “armor robe,” was tied snugly at the waist with a special knot (lower right)
A COTTON BREECH CLOUT that extended up over the chest was the basic undergarment of a samurai’s costume

34. BILLOWING PANTALOONS,worn over the armor robe, fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of movement
STURDY SHINGUARDS of cloth or leather were reinforced with strips of iron to give protection from the front
AN EXQUISITE BROCADE, richly worked with a design of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials used in an armor robe that may have been made for a 14th Century imperial prince

35. Samurai Charging

36. Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”

37. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service Europe:
King
Land - Fief
Loyalty
Land - Fief
Lord
Lord
Loyalty
Knight
Knight
Knight
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant

38. Code of Chivalry Justice Loyalty Defense Courage Faith Humility
Nobility

39. Medieval Warriors
vs.
European knight
Samurai Warrior

40. Medieval Warriors
vs.
Knight’s Armor
Samurai Armor

41. Zen Buddhism
A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China.
It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.

42. 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze kamikaze winds stopped them.
Mongol “Invasions” of Japan
4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze kamikaze winds stopped them.

43. Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573 Laws are unclear.
Shoguns fought for power.
Laws are unclear.
Less efficient than the Kamakura.
Armies of samurai protected the country.

44. C A S T L E S

45. Osaka Castle

46. Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

47. Caernorfon Castle, Wales

48. Warwick Castle, England

49. R O E N S

50. The Age of the Warring States: (1467 - 1568)
Castles built on hills in different provinces.
Power shifts from above to below.
Europeans arrive in Japan  bringing firearms & Christianity.
Christianity & foreign trade flourish.

51. Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582) Unifies a large part of Japan.
Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.
Unifies a large part of Japan.

52. Catholic Jesuits in Japan
St. Francis Xavier [First Catholic Missionaries in Asia]

53. Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598)
Becomes suspicious of European territorial ambitions.
Orders all European missionaries expelled from Japan. 
Tries to invade Korea, but fails.

54. First Christian Martyrs (1597): Shrine in Nagasaki Today

55. Tokugawa Ieyasu ( )
Appointed shogun by the Emperor.
Four-class system laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class! 
Warriors.
Farmers.
Artisans.
Merchants.

56. Tokugawa Shogunate Period
Japan closed off to all trade [except to the Dutch and Chinese].
The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor.
Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden.
The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun.
Domestic trade flourishes.
Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.
Merchant class becomes rich!
New art forms haiku poetry, kabuki theater.