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Published byAlena Tomkins Modified over 10 years ago
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Capital: Abuja
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MAJOR ISSUES
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Capital: Abuja
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Hausa- Fulani (29%) Yoruba (21%) Igbo (18%) Ijaw (10%) www.bbc.co.uk
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http://bauzeitgeist.blogspot.com/2011/09/african-borders-make-african-states.html
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Muslim (50%) Christian (40%) Indigenous Beliefs (10%) www.getreligion.org
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1800s: Fulani migrated into northern region. Spread of ISLAM 1500-1800: Southern region European trade: spread of CHRISTIANITY impacted by slave trade.
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British Colony North and South administered differently Indirect Rule North: Local Muslim rule Minimal British supervision South: Traditional colonial regime British bureaucrats British-trained indigenous Introduced Western-style education Mostly in the South Privileged elite class Deepened North/South division
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First Republic (1960-66) Parliamentary Govt. after transition to independence. Civil War and Military Rule (1966-79) Military coup ended “First Republic” Began era of military dictatorships Transition of power Quick, violent & illegitimate 4 coups d’etat
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Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970) Ethnic-based Igbo attempt to break away Form REPUBLIC OF BIAFRA. Bloody war and starvation tactics led to 500,000- 3 million deaths. Biafra defeated. www.blackpast.org
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How does Nigeria’s experience with the Igbo and Biafra compare with other countries we have studied? Britain Russia China Mexico
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Olusegun Obasanjo (1976-1979) Military dictator Voluntarily transitioned to democracy 1979: New Constitution Created a Presidential System similar to U.S. Ineffective president Overthrown by a military coup (1983)
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CHARACTERISTICS More coups More promises of democracy Competition among generals based on ethnicity. Institutionalized Corruption Massive abuse of oil revenues PATRON-CLIENT SYSTEM
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Elections were held. Results annulled by military leader. Coup replaced old military leader. 1983 PERIOD OF MILITARY RULE 1999 Third Republic, 1993
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1999… Another Constitution (9 th since 1914) Olusegun Obasanjo: (1999-2007) Elected president for two terms Military dictator in 1970s Umaru Yar’Adua: (2007-2010) Died in office Goodluck Jonathan: (2010-present) Was Yar’Adua’s VP Won the 2011 election
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Established 1998 Oversaw widespread voter fraud in 1999, 2003, & 2007. Attahiru Jega Appointed in 2010
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Describe the multiple difficulties INEC faced leading up to the 2011 election. “Nigeria has yet to hold a credible election” Human Rights Watch after 2007 election
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Goodluck Jonathan People’s Democratic Party (PDP) Ijaw Christian Negotiated cease fire with Niger Delta militants. Incumbent Advantage? Power of patronage Appointments & contracts Access to oil revenue
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Muhammedu Buhari Congress for Progressive Change (CPC) CPC broke away from All Nigeria People’s Party (ANPP) Fulani Muslim Former military dictator (‘83-’85) Nuhu Ribadu Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) Hausa-Fulani Muslim Former Chairman of Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC)
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CandidatePercent of VoteNumber of Votes Jonathan58.9%22.5 million Buhari32.0 %12.2 million Ribadu5.4%2.1 million 17 other candidates also received votes.
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CandidatePercent of Vote Number of Votes Jonathan58.9%22.5 million Buhari32.0 %12.2 million Ribadu5.4%2.1 million
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PDP Plan: Presidency rotates every two terms. Muslim from the North Christian from the South PROBLEM Obasanjo: Christian from South had two terms Yar’Adua (Muslim) died in office after three years. Jonathan (Christian) finished Yar’Adua’s term, and ran again. Muslims didn’t think Jonathan should run.
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Directly elected by the people. Winner must receive: Majority of votes, AND 25% of vote in 2/3 of the states. Otherwise, the top two have a run-off WHY? President needs NATIONAL mandate.
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Good NewsBad News
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