1. by Richard Terwilliger

3. This means there are an equal number of electrons and protons The electroscope starts out neutral

4. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

5. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

6. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

7. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

8. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

9. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

10. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

11. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

12. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

13. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

14. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

15. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

16. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

17. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

18. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

19. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

20. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

21. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

22. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

23. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

24. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

25. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

26. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

27. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

28. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

29. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

30. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. Rubber rod We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod.

31. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

32. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

33. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

34. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

35. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

36. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

37. Created by Richard J. Terwilliger April 2001 As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

38. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod by Richard Terwilliger

39. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

40. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

41. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

42. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

43. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

44. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

45. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

46. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

47. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

48. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

49. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

50. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

51. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

52. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

53. As the negatively charged rod approaches the knob of the electroscope, the electrons in the knob are repelled and move down into the leaves. We will charge this electroscope net negative using a negatively charged rubber rod. Rubber rod

54. Therefore the knob is now net positive and the leaves are net negative The knob of the electroscope lost electrons. Rubber rod The leaves gained the electrons. F es F

55. The electroscope hasn’t lost or gained electrons so it is still neutral. Rubber rod What would happen if the rod is taken away?

56. Rubber rod

86. by Richard Terwilliger

87. Rubber rod by Richard Terwilliger

88. Rubber rod

95. by Richard Terwilliger

96. Rubber rod

102. The electroscope hasn’t lost or gained electrons so it is still neutral. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope.

103. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

104. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

105. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

106. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

107. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

108. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

109. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

110. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

111. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

112. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

113. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

114. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

115. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

116. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

117. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

118. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

119. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

120. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

121. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

122. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

123. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

124. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

125. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

126. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

127. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

128. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

129. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

130. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

131. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

132. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

133. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

134. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

135. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

136. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

137. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

138. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

139. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

140. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

141. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

142. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

143. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

144. Rubber rod The electrons in the rubber rod are attracted to the NET POSITIVE knob of the electroscope. When the rubber rod makes contact with the knob of the electroscope some of the electrons in the rod transfer into the knob.

145. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

146. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

147. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

148. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

149. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

150. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

151. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

152. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

153. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

154. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

155. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

156. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

157. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

158. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

159. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

160. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

161. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

162. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

163. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

164. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

165. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

166. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

167. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

168. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

169. Rubber rod The electroscope is now NET NEGATIVE. The electroscope has GAINED electrons.

170. by Richard Terwilliger