1. Weeds

2. Plant Body Shoot system = leaves + stem Root system
Meristem = cells that divide for life of plant, can give rise to all plant structures

3. Plant Body Leaf = blade + petiole
Functions Exposes surface to sunlight Major site of photosynthesis Conserves water Provides for gas exchange
Blade
Petiole

4. Phloem transports sugar
Plant Body
Stem
Functions
Holds leaves up to light
Transport of substances through vascular tissue
Phloem transports sugar
Xylem conducts water
and minerals

5. Plant Body Root Functions Anchors plant in soil
Takes up water and minerals from soil

6. 1 Tree Tobacco Nicotiana glauca
glauca = bluish-gray, referring to leaf color Leaves contain high levels of nicotene Introduced from South America by missionaries, from imported grain or on purpose…?

7. 2 Cheeseweed Malva neglecta
Seeds and leaves are edible.
Seeds are shaped like rounds of cheese.

8. Castor Bean Ricinus communis
Ricin in seeds used to kill a spy on London Bridge recently discovered in the US mail possible cancer treatment Oil from seeds has laxative and wound-healing properties.

9. 4 Sweet fennel Foeniculum vulgare
Petioles are eaten, like celery.
Folkways medicine: Dried Leaves may repel fleas
Priests spread on mission floors for fragrance
Native to the Mediterranean, fennel has spread to surrounding areas, including India. Known to the Greeks and Romans, is was used as food, spice and medicine. The primary use of fennel seeds is to relieve flatulence, but they also settle colic, stimulate the appetite and digestion. Fennel is also diuretic and anti-inflammatory. Like anise (Pimpinella anisum) and caraway (Carum carvi), it has a calming effect on bronchitis and coughs. An infusion of the seeds may be taken as a gargle for sore throats and as a mild expectorant. Fennel increases breast-milk production and the herb is still used as an eye wash for sore eyes and conjunctivitis. Essential oil from the sweet variety is used for its digestive and relaxing properties. MAIN PROPERTIES: Digestive, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory.

10. 5 Scarlet Pimpernel Anagallis arvensis
Folkways Medicine: May repel witches
Poisonous to humans and livestock

11. 6 Poison hemlock Comium maculatum
Conin causes muscle paralysis, found in all parts of plant.

12. 7 Filaree (Storksbill) Erodium
Fruit shape is long and pointed
Filaree comes from the Spanish name for needle
Erodium refers to heron
Young foliage is edible

13. 8 Saltbush Atriplex canescens
Large numbers of nutritious seeds, Used by native Americans for flour
8 Saltbush Atriplex canescens

14. 9 Sweet clover Melilotus albus
Enhances production of cumarin by molds Original source of heparin Important source of honey

15. 10 Opium poppy Papaver somniferum
Morphine and codeine from developing seed pods
10 Opium poppy Papaver somniferum

16. 11 California Poppy Eschscholtzia californica
Young foliage is edible Roots used for toothache

17. 12 White Goosefoot Chenopodium
Young foliage and seeds are edible

18. 13 Mexican Tea Chenopodium ambrosioides
Folkways Medicine: Seeds act against intestinal worms.
Dried plant is used as seasoning.

19. 14 Horehound Marubium vulgare
Flavoring in candy, cough drops, and beer Folkways Medicine: good for sore throats
Member of the Mint family

20. 15 California Mugwort Artemisia douglasiana
Folkways medicine: Uses for intestinal, respiratory and skin ailments.

21. 16 Jimson weed Datura meteloides
All parts of plant have alkaloids like atropine medical use religious observances by Native Americans --hallucinogen in the 60’s
DANGEROUS! Recent hospitalizations and deaths reported in LA County.

22. 17 Sea Fig Charpobrotus chilensis
Edible fleshy fruit forms below the flower
Helps to stabilize soil on hillsides or sand near ocean

23. 18 Tumbleweed (Russian Thistle) Salsola tragus
Noxious weed = targeted for eradication
Shoot breaks off close to base and is pushed by wind to distribute seeds.
Contains high levels of nitrates or soluble oxalates

24. 19 New Zealand Spinach Tetragonia tetragonioides
Leaves can be eaten raw or cooked
Contains harmless levels soluble oxalates

25. 20 Water Cress Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum
Leaves and shoots can be eaten.
Rich in Vitamin C
Be sure it comes from unpolluted waters!

26. 21 Wild celery Apium graveolens
Escaped from cultivation
Petioles are eaten
Wild plant has strong taste made milder by cooking

27. 22 Chicory Cichorium intybus
Root scrapings used as coffee flavoring or substitute
Leaves of C. endiva used in salads

28. 23 Western Ragweed Ambrosia
The pollen is a common respiratory or hay-fever allergen.

29. 24 Sow Thistle Sonchus Young leaves are edible
One species is a noxious weed

30. 25 Plantain Platago potagonica
Young leaves are edible
Folkways medicine: wound healing, laxative

31. 26 Curly Dock Rumex crispus
Young leaves are edible
Folkways medicine: to treat cough, blood pressure, itching, sprains
Toxic to livestock

32. 27 Dandelion Taraxacum officinale
Young leaves and roots are eaten
Dried roots used as coffee substitute
Seeds dispersed by wind

33. 28 Black Mustard Brassica nigra
Young leaves are eaten
Seed oil used to make mustard
Possibly introduced by missionaries who scattered it along the Camino Real to mark the way between missions

34. 29 Wild Radish Raphanus sativus
Scrapings from young roots or young seed pods taste like radishes

35. 30 Wild oats Avena fatua
Escaped from cultivation
Seeds are edible

36. 31 English Ivy Hedera helix
Juice causes skin irritation
Berries and leaves are toxic

37. 32 Periwinkle Vinca major
A related species provides treatments for Hodgkin’s disease, leukemia and other cancers
32 Periwinkle Vinca major

38. 33 Garden Nastursium Tropaeolum majus
Leaves are eaten in salads
Hallucinogenic properties unproven

39. 34 Blue Gum Eucalyptus Eucalyptus globosus
Added as a flavoring to candies and cough medicines

40. 35 Spurge Euphorbia Milky sap (latex) causes skin irritation
Relative of the mildly-toxic Poinsettia plant

41. 36 Narrow-Leaf Milkweed Asclepias
Cardiac glycoside acts as
Medicinal heart stimulant
Arrow poison
Insect defense mechanism

42. 37 White and Purple Nightshade Solanum
Berries are poisonous
Relatives of the potato

43. Worksheet Complete page 169 from lab manual
Be sure your instructor checks your completed worksheet before you leave the lab