1. DEUS CARITAS EST “GOD IS LOVE” DECEMBER 25, 2005

2. “God is Love and He who abides in Love abides in God and God in Him.” 1 John 4:16 “You shall love the Lord your God with all of your heart, with all your soul and all your might.” Deuteronomy 6: 4-5 “You shall love the Lord your God with all of your heart, with all your soul and all your might.” Deuteronomy 6: 4-5 “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” Leviticus 19:18 (Matthew 12: 29-36) Leviticus 19:18 (Matthew 12: 29-36)

3. TWO PARTS OF DEUS CARITAS EST TWO PARTS OF DEUS CARITAS EST 1. More speculative – Love of God lavished on us – Importance of sacred scripture 2. More concrete – Love of neighbor

4. PART I Unity of Love in Creation and In Salvation History

5. MANY MEANINGS OF LOVE: MANY MEANINGS OF LOVE: Neighbor, country, profession, friends Neighbor, country, profession, friends Especially important – love between man & woman where body & soul are inseparably joined and human beings glimpse on apparently irresistable promise of happiness. Especially important – love between man & woman where body & soul are inseparably joined and human beings glimpse on apparently irresistable promise of happiness.

6. DISTINCTION BETWEEN EROS & AGAPE  EROS (from the ancient Greeks) In Greek, OT, mentioned only twice In Greek, OT, mentioned only twice NT not mentioned at all NT not mentioned at all  AGAPE Something new and distinct about the Christian understanding of Love. Something new and distinct about the Christian understanding of Love.

7. DID CHRISTIANITY DESTROY EROS? OT didn’t reject it but declared war on a warped and destructive form of it because this counterfeit divinization of Eros actually strips it of its dignity and dehumanizes it. OT didn’t reject it but declared war on a warped and destructive form of it because this counterfeit divinization of Eros actually strips it of its dignity and dehumanizes it.

8. POPE BENEDICT XVI “We shouldn’t submit to instinct.” “We shouldn’t submit to instinct.” “Purification and growth in maturity are called for.” “Purification and growth in maturity are called for.” “Far from poisoning or rejecting ‘Eros’, these qualities heal it and restore it to its true grandeur. After all, we are body and soul.” “Far from poisoning or rejecting ‘Eros’, these qualities heal it and restore it to its true grandeur. After all, we are body and soul.”

9. CONTEMPORARY EXALTATION OF THE BODY Deceptive – Eros reduced to pure sex, person becomes a commodity Deceptive – Eros reduced to pure sex, person becomes a commodity Hardly a great “yes” to the Body Hardly a great “yes” to the Body Exaltation of Body can quickly turn into a hatred of Bodiliness. Exaltation of Body can quickly turn into a hatred of Bodiliness.

10. RICH IMAGES OF BODY FROM SCRIPTURE No longer self-seeking, a sinking into intoxication for happiness – instead seeks good of the Beloved. No longer self-seeking, a sinking into intoxication for happiness – instead seeks good of the Beloved. Eros & Agape can never be separated Eros & Agape can never be separated Eros without God’s love impoverishes its nature Eros without God’s love impoverishes its nature

11. GOD’S LOVE IS PERSONAL AND PASSIONATE Hosea & Ezekiel: Hosea & Ezekiel: Uses boldly erotic language Uses boldly erotic language Close connection between Eros and marriage in the Bible has practically no equivalent in extra Biblical literature Close connection between Eros and marriage in the Bible has practically no equivalent in extra Biblical literature

12. NOVELTY OF NEW TESTAMENT NOVELTY OF NEW TESTAMENT Figure of Jesus – gives Flesh and Blood to these concepts – an unprecedented realism Figure of Jesus – gives Flesh and Blood to these concepts – an unprecedented realism I cannot possess Jesus just for myself I cannot possess Jesus just for myself Communion with Jesus also means unity with all Christians Communion with Jesus also means unity with all Christians

13. EUCHARISTIC COMMUNION EUCHARISTIC COMMUNION Includes both the reality of being loved and of loving others in return

14. PARABLE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN Luke 10: 25 Two important clarifications: 1. Limit of love for people abolished – love is universalized 2. Not reduced to the generic but applies to every human being to every human being -- Love of God and neighbor inseparable single command -- Love of God and neighbor inseparable single command

15. PART II The Practice of Love by the Church as a Community of Love Love of neighbor is the responsibility of the Church at every level Love of neighbor is the responsibility of the Church at every level As community, the Church must practice love As community, the Church must practice love

16. LOVE NEEDS TO BE ORGANIZED IF IT IS TO BE AN ORDERED SERVICE TO THE COMMUNITY Early Church – radical forms of communion could not be preserved Early Church – radical forms of communion could not be preserved In community of believers – never room for poverty that denies anyone what is needed for a dignified life In community of believers – never room for poverty that denies anyone what is needed for a dignified life

17. CHURCH CANNOT NEGLECT SERVICE OF CHARITY ANYMORE THAN SHE CAN NEGLECT THE SACRAMENTS AND WORD. Great witness – Julian the Apostate Great witness – Julian the Apostate

18. TWO ESSENTIAL FACTS 1. Church’s three-fold responsibility: Proclaiming the Word Proclaiming the Word Celebrating the Sacraments Celebrating the Sacraments Exercising Ministry of Charity Exercising Ministry of Charity 2. Church is God’s family in the World: Parable of the Good Samaritan. Vatican II: Pastoral Constitution in the Modern World Vatican II: Pastoral Constitution in the Modern World

19. CHARITY & JUSTICE GO TOGETHER Marxism focused only on justice Marxism focused only on justice Relationship between capital and labor a decisive issue Relationship between capital and labor a decisive issue “Slowness of Church to realize that the issues of post-structure of society needed to be approached in a new way.” Pope Leo XIII “Slowness of Church to realize that the issues of post-structure of society needed to be approached in a new way.” Pope Leo XIII

20. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHURCH’S SOCIAL TEACHING Relationship between justice and charity Relationship between justice and charity 1. Just ordering of society and the State – central responsibility of politics. 2. Need for constant purification – meeting of politics and faith.

21. CHURCH CANNOT TAKE UPON HERSELF THE POLITICAL BATTLE TO BRING ABOUT A MORE JUST SOCIETY. Church cannot replace the State Church cannot replace the State Church uses argument and persuasiveness Church uses argument and persuasiveness

22. LOVE – ALWAYS NECESSARY IN MOST JUST SOCIETIES Vatican II – Decree on Apostolate of Laity #8 Vatican II – Decree on Apostolate of Laity #8 “Now that, through better means of communication, distances between peoples have almost been eliminated, charitable activity can and should embrace all people and all needs.”

23. BIRTH AND GROWTH OF MANY FORMS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN STATE AND CHURCH AGENCIES Involvement of young Involvement of young Fruitful link between evangelization and works of charity Fruitful link between evangelization and works of charity

24. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIAN AND CHURCH CHARITY a. Charity responds to immediate needs of people b. Christian charitable activity must be free of parties and ideologies c. Charity cannot be used as a means of proselytism -- love is free -- love is free  Practicing charity never seeks to impose the Church’s faith on others.

25. OUR RESPONSIBILITY To be a Church of Word, Sacrament and Charity in Action To be a Church of Word, Sacrament and Charity in Action All three evangelize us: All three evangelize us:  Jesus the Servant  Jesus the Redeemer  Jesus our Light and Resurrection Faith, Hope & Charity go together

26. MARY Woman of Hope Woman of Hope Woman of Faith Woman of Faith Woman of Love Woman of Love