1. Bleeding Kansas 1853 – 1861 Silvia Kat Roa

2. Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois Loved the idea of Manifest Destiny and popular sovereignty Transcontinental Railroad going from East to West passing through Chicago Nebraska territory needed to be organized with a bill but Southern votes were needed

3. To please the South the Nebraska Territory would be decided by popular sovereignty This would open the North to slavery Repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which said that slavery could not extend above the 36' 30" line The bill became law on May 30, 1854.

4. North New England Emigrant Aid Company Harriet Ward Beecher Free Soilers South Border Ruffians David Atchison

5. New England Emigrant Aid Company Organized by Eli Thayer Sent settlers to Kansas to secure it as a free territory By the summer of 1855, approximately 1,200 New Englanders had made the journey to the new territory, armed to fight for freedom.

6. The abolitionist minister Henry Ward Beecher furnished settlers with Sharps rifles, which came to be known as "Beecher's Bibles."

7. Border Ruffians Armed Southerners, mostly from Missouri, poured over the line to vote for a proslavery

8. Only half the ballots were cast by registered voters The proslavery forces won the election

9. Bogus Law Incorporated the Missouri slave code Leveled severe penalties against anyone who spoke or wrote against slaveholding Those who assisted fugitives would be put to death or sentenced to ten years hard labor The Northerners set up their own Free State legislature at Topeka President Pierce only recognized the proslavery legislature.

10. David Atchison Missouri senator who proclaimed the Northerners to be "negro thieves" and "abolitionist tyrants." He encouraged Missourians to defend their institution "with the bayonet and with blood" and, if necessary, "to kill every God-damned abolitionist in the district."

11. Free Soilers Demanded free territory for free white people Hated slavery because plantations took over the land and prevented white working people from having their own homesteads Hated it because it brought large numbers of black people wherever it went.

12. Lecompton

14. John Brown at Pottawatomie

15. Violence In Congress

16. John W. Geary