1. Chapter 5. Silica-Fume Concrete Projects  Bridge Decks  Parking Structure  High-Rise Columns  HPC Bridge  Shotcrete Rehabilitation  HPC Constructability

2. Bridge Decks -- New Construction and Overlays (Fly Ash and Silica Fume Combination) Chapter Outline

3. Project: Bridge Deck Construction New York State DOT High-Performance Concrete Requirements: Resist chloride ion penetration Minimize cracking

4. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement 500 lb/yd 3 Fly ash135 lb/yd 3 Silica fume 40 lb/yd 3 w/cm0.40 Slump3-4 inches Air6.5 % Wet cure7 days

5. Concrete Performance: “Results indicated that Class HP decks performed better than previously specified concrete in resisting both longitudinal and transverse cracking.” Rapid chloride permeability: < 1,600 coulombs Compressive strength, 28 days: > 5,400 psi

6. Project: Requirements: Resist chloride ion penetration Minimize cracking SI Bridge Deck Construction New York State DOT High-Performance Concrete

7. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement300 kg/m 3 Fly ash 80 kg/m 3 Silica fume 25 kg/m 3 w/cm0.40 Slump 75-100 mm Air6.5 % Wet cure7 days SI

8. Concrete Performance: SI Rapid chloride permeability: < 1,600 coulombs Compressive strength, 28 days: > 37 MPa “Results indicated that Class HP decks performed better than previously specified concrete in resisting both longitudinal and transverse cracking.”

14. Bridge Deck Overlay (High Silica Fume Content) Chapter Outline

15. Project: Bridge Deck Overlay, Ohio DOT Beverly, Ohio Requirements: Resist chloride ion penetration 4,500 psi at 28 days RCP < 1,000 coulombs

16. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I700 lb/yd 3 Silica fume 70 lb/yd 3 w/cm0.36 Slump4-8 in. Air6-10% HRWRA20 fl oz/cwt WRA, Type D 3 fl oz/cwt

17. Concrete Performance: Rapid chloride permeability600 coulombs Compressive strength, 28 days 7,000 psi

18. Project: Bridge Deck Overlay, Ohio DOT Beverly, Ohio Requirements: Resist chloride ion penetration 31 MPa at 28 days RCP < 1,000 coulombs SI

19. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I415 kg/m 3 Silica fume 41.5 kg/m 3 w/cm0.36 Slump 100-200 mm Air6-10% HRWRA1.3L/100 kg WRA, Type D 165 ml/100 kg SI

20. Concrete Performance: Rapid chloride permeability 600 coulombs Compressive strength, 28 days 48 MPa SI

27. Parking Structure Chapter Outline

28. Project: Parking Structure General Mitchell Airport Milwaukee, Wisconsin Requirements: Resist chloride ion penetration 2,000 psi at 36 hours 5,700 psi at 56 days

29. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I565 lb/yd 3 Fly ash, Class C100 lb/yd 3 Silica fume 39 lb/yd 3 w/cm0.35 WRA12 fl oz/yd 3 Slump, maximum9 in. Additional WRA and HRWRA in SF slurry

30. Concrete Performance: Compressive strength, 36 hours:> 2,000 psi Cores taken at 2 - 10 months averaged < 1,000 coulombs Slump used:6 - 7.5 in.

31. Project: Parking Structure General Mitchell Airport Milwaukee, Wisconsin Requirements: Resist chloride ion penetration 14 MPa at 36 hours 40 MPa at 56 days SI

32. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I335 kg/m 3 Fly ash, Class C60 kg/m 3 Silica fume 17 kg/m 3 w/cm0.35 WRA440 mL/m 3 Slump, maximum230 mm Additional WRA and HRWRA in SF slurry SI

33. Concrete Performance: Compressive strength, 36 hours> 14 MPa Cores taken at 2 - 10 months averaged < 1,000 coulombs Slump used:150- 90 mm SI

40. High-Rise Columns Chapter Outline

41. Project: Key Bank Tower Cleveland, Ohio Requirements: High ultimate strength, > 12,000 psi High modulus, > 6,800,000 psi Pumpable, 57 stories

42. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I 685 lb/yd 3 GGBFS 285 lb/yd 3 Silica fume 80 lb/yd 3 w/cm 0.24 Slump, minimum 10 in. HRWRA 30-50 fl oz/cwt WRA, Type A 4 fl oz/cwt

43. Concrete Performance: Modulus> 7,000,000 psi Compressive strength, 28 days > 14,000 psi 56 days> 15,000 psi

44. Project: Key Bank Tower Cleveland, Ohio Requirements: High ultimate strength, > 83 MPa High modulus, > 47 GPa Pumpable, 57 stories SI

45. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I 406 kg/m 3 GGBFS 169 kg/m 3 Silica fume 47 kg/m 3 w/cm 0.24 Slump, minimum 250 mm HRWRA 2.0-3.3 L/100 kg WRA, Type A 260 mL/100 kg SI

46. Concrete Performance: Modulus> 48 GPa Compressive strength, 28 days > 97 MPa 56 days > 103 MPa SI

53. HPC Bridge Chapter Outline

54. Project: I-25 and Yale Bridge, Colorado DOT Denver, Colorado Requirements: Reduced number of spans with shallow superstructure depth Compressive strength: 10,000 psi

55. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I730 lb/yd 3 Silica fume 35 lb/yd 3 w/cm0.29 HRWRA44-131 fl oz/yd 3 WRA 15-58 fl oz/yd 3

56. Project: I-25 and Yale Bridge, Colorado DOT Denver, Colorado Requirements: Reduced number of spans with shallow substructure depth Compressive strength: 69 MPa SI

57. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I433 kg/m 3 Silica fume 21 kg/m 3 w/cm0.29 HRWRA1.7-5.1 L/m 3 WRA 0.6-2.2 L/m 3 SI

60. Shotcrete Rehabilitation Chapter Outline

61. Project: Seismic Retrofit Littlerock Dam, California Requirements: Provide adequate seismic stability for maximum credible earthquake Compressive strength of 6,000 psi at 28 days in a 4-in. thick overlay

62. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I682 lb/yd 3 Silica fume 70 lb/yd 3 Steel fibers100 lb/yd 3 w/cm0.45 Slump2-4 in.

63. Concrete Performance: Compressive strength, cores, > 21 days, average 7,300 psi Pulloff testing of cores satisfied project requirements of 150 psi Average shotcrete thickness: 4.7 in.

64. Project: Seismic Retrofit Littlerock Dam, California Requirements: Provide adequate seismic stability for maximum credible earthquake Compressive strength of 41 MPa at 28 days in a 100-mm thick overlay SI

65. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I405 kg/m 3 Silica fume 41 kg/m 3 Steel fibers 60 kg/m 3 w/cm0.45 Slump50 - 100 mm SI

66. Concrete Performance: Compressive strength, cores, > 28 days, average > 50 MPa Pulloff testing of cores satisfied project requirements of 1.0 MPa Average shotcrete thickness: 119 mm SI

73. HPC Constructability Chapter Outline

74. Project: Canister Storage Building Hanford Nuclear Site, WA Requirements: Ease of placement Temperature control of mass concrete High early strength for stripping High durability

75. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I391 lb/yd 3 Fly ash, Class F 150 lb/yd 3 Silica fume 60 lb/yd 3 w/cm0.37 Slump8 in. HRWRA 150 fl oz/yd 3 Mid-range WRA 60 fl oz/yd 3

76. Concrete Performance: Concrete temperature, as delivered< 70 deg F in place < 100 deg F Compressive strength, 28 days> 6,300 psi 90 days > 7,500 psi

77. Concrete Mixture: Portland cement, Type I232 kg/m 3 Fly ash, Class F 89 kg/m 3 Silica fume 36 kg/m 3 w/cm0.37 Slump200 mm HRWRA 5.8 L/m 3 Mid-range WRA 2.3 L/m 3 SI

78. Concrete Performance: Concrete temperature, as delivered< 21 deg C in place < 38 deg C Compressive strength, 28 days> 43 MPa 90 days > 52 MPa SI

84. End of Chapter 5 Main Outline