1. The Portland Street Building Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter

2. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Building presentation (1...) The Portland Street Building was designed by the Architects department of Hampshire County Council. The building was built for the University of Portsmouth and houses the Faculty for the Built Environment. The building is E-shaped. The building has four storeys. The upper and lower wings contain teaching rooms and offices. The central wing contains the main lecture theatre above a ground floor restaurant. The main spine of the building houses a resource centre. Between the resource centre and the wings there is a full height atrium.

3. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Building presentation (2...) Plan view of ground floor Atrium Teaching rooms & offices Main lecture theatre Resource centre N

4. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Building presentation (3|) Central atrium Plan view of 2nd floor

5. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter The Design Issue The design brief called for: an energy efficient building and, for the creation of a stimulating and life enhancing environment for education The design conditions were: For winter: 20 o C and 40 % minimum RH For summer: 25 o C and 65 % RH Southern wing

6. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter The building concept (1...) The risk of overheating in summer time is reduced by: 1. The use of night cooling: Night cooling is a method to improve comfort by enhancing cooling to occupants during the day. This is achieved by ventilating the building at night to cool down the building fabric which can then absorb the heat of the day. In this building night cooling is provided to all areas via trickle ventilators, openable windows and the natural air extract paths, which can be supplemented by fans in the towers if necessary. 2. The reduction of solar gains: All office windows have internal blinds which are manually controlled. The Indoor Air Quality during the office hours in winter and summer time can be controlled by opening the trickle vents

7. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter The building concept (2...) night cooling The building is primarily naturally ventilated with a combination of single- sided, cross- and stack-ventilation. The different elements: Supply: Natural ventilation is achieved via openable windows in all rooms. All windows also have trickle ventilators. Extraction: Some of the rooms are ventilated via a plenum in the corridor ceiling connected to the staircases which are glazed at the top to form ‘solar towers’. The staircases act as solar towers extracting air from the first three floors. Fan-assisted: The towers also have fans to assist with night purging if necessary. Thermal mass: The thermal mass of the building is accessible (= can be cooled down by night cooling !) The building has exposed ceilings. The building is primarily naturally ventilated with a combination of single- sided, cross- and stack-ventilation. The different elements: Supply: Natural ventilation is achieved via openable windows in all rooms. All windows also have trickle ventilators. Extraction: Some of the rooms are ventilated via a plenum in the corridor ceiling connected to the staircases which are glazed at the top to form ‘solar towers’. The staircases act as solar towers extracting air from the first three floors. Fan-assisted: The towers also have fans to assist with night purging if necessary. Thermal mass: The thermal mass of the building is accessible (= can be cooled down by night cooling !) The building has exposed ceilings.

8. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter The building concept (3...) night cooling SOLAR TOWER: fan-assisted if natural forces are insufficient Openable windows and trickle vents The three lower floors in the wing are connected to the staircases. The top floor is mainly cross ventilated via clerestory windows Plenum which connects rooms with staircases & solar towers

9. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter The building concept (4|) night cooling Internal view: exposed ceilings & connection to corridor plenum Solar Towers

10. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Monitoring the building (1...) The building was monitored for a period in winter and summer. The monitored rooms were an office and a seminar room on the 1st and 2nd floors (Winter), and on the 1st floor (Summer). The rooms were used normally by the occupants during both monitoring periods. Monitored parameters: Internal and external CO 2 concentration as an indicator of IAQ. Internal and external water vapour levels, a secondary IAQ indicator. Fresh air flow rates and local wind speed and direction. External air and internal air and globe temperatures.

11. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Monitoring the building (2|) Monitored Seminar Room Office Monitored Office Seminar Room Seminar Room Corridor Monitored Office Model Making OfficeTutorial Monitored Seminar Room Office Studio 1st FLOOR 2nd FLOOR

12. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Winter monitoring (1...) During February 1997 four rooms on the 1st and 2nd floor in the ‘office and seminar’ wing were monitored. The offices have single-sided ventilation, the seminar rooms are cross ventilated via openable windows and grilles to the corridor ceiling plenum. On the next slides results are given of: Tracer gas measurements (Air change rate) CO 2 -concentration measurements Temperature measurements

13. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Winter monitoring (2...) air change rates Air change rates in the 1st floor seminar room were higher than for the office: Higher air change rates tend to coincide with occupancy. Air change rates were adequate in both rooms: the CO 2 -concentrations were acceptable - (see next slide)

14. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Winter monitoring (3...) CO 2 -concentrations CO 2 concentrations are generally below 1000 ppm (= acceptable). Increased levels of CO 2 coincide with occupancy, evidence of window opening can be seen on some occasions. Carbon dioxide concentrations in 2nd floor rooms. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 4/2 155/2 197/2 08/2 49/2 810/2 12 Date/Time Carbon dioxide (ppm) CO 2 2nd floor office CO 2 2nd floor seminar

15. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Temperatures fell below the 20°C minimum on some occasions: The heating system was not operating properly during this winter period. Globe temperatures were lower than air temperatures showing the effect of thermal mass. Winter monitoring (4|) temperatures

16. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Summer Monitoring (1...) During June 1997 two rooms on the 1st floor of the ‘office and seminar’ wing were monitored. During this period the occupancy of both rooms varied considerably. On the next slides results are given of: Tracer gas measurements (Air change rate) CO 2 -concentration measurements Temperature measurements

17. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter NatVent Air change rates were higher in the seminar room than the office. Higher ventilation rates generally coincide with occupancy. Air change rates were adequate. Night cooling is used, but with no control. Summer Monitoring (2...) air change rates

18. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter CO 2 concentrations peak at about 1400 ppm and are generally below 1000 ppm. Increased CO 2 -concentrations coincide with increased occupancy. Summer Monitoring (3...) CO 2 -concentrations

19. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Summer Monitoring (4|) temperatures The internal design value of 25°C was not exceeded, even though the 27°C external value was exceeded on many occasions. Globe temperatures were generally lower by about 1 to 2°C than the corresponding air temperature, indicating the effect of thermal mass. Sometimes there was even an overcooling problem, especially during cooler spells.

20. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Conclusions (1...) Winter indoor climate Adequate ventilation is provided. The IAQ is acceptable Comfort is generally maintained, though there were some low temperatures. Summer indoor climate: Acceptable ventilation is provided. Comfortable internal temperatures are maintained. There is no problem of overheating. Some overcooling did occur on a small number of occasions. The Portland Street Building makes use of night cooling. Cooler night-time air is drawn in via trickle ventilators in the window frames. Exhaust air leaves via louvred vents in the solar towers. The monitoring results prove that high thermal mass and night ventilation in combination with shading devices can be used to reduce internal temperatures and maintain comfort. However some form of control strategy is essential to prevent overcooling, especially during cooler spells.

21. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter NatVent Conclusions (2|)

22. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Conclusions - Night cooling High thermal mass and night ventilation can be used to reduce internal temperatures and maintain comfort. Some form of control strategy is essential to prevent overcooling, especially during cooler spells.

23. More information... NatVent Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Presentation of the building Presentation of the building Building concept Building concept Conclusions The Portland Street Building The Portland Street Building More information... More information... Design Issue Design Issue Monitoring Summer Winter Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents: \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\gb3summ.pdf global presentation of the buildings (  4p./building) contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology - winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\gb3det.pdf detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (  20p./campaign) contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents: \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\gb3summ.pdf global presentation of the buildings (  4p./building) contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology - winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\gb3det.pdf detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (  20p./campaign) contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free. Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free. Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation