1. ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY 1. Flames 2. Electrothermal Atomizers 3. Plasmas

2. X = laser plasmas stellar interior

3. NaMg +

4. Na Spectrum

8. Combustion zones in the common Bunsen Burner

9. Combustion zones in a pre-mixed, elongated, laminar flame

10. Temperature profiles for a natural gas-air flame.

12. Air-Acetylene Flame Fuel-air ratios

13. How do we introduce liquid samples into the flame? Direct Insertion… Total Consumption Burner

15. VERY NOISY!! Total Consumption Burner

16. Plan B: Use a nebulizer

17. Concentric nebulizer Crossed-flow nebulizer

18. V-Groove Babington nebulizer Ball-type Babington nebulizer for viscous samples

19. Pre-mixed flame system with concentric nebulizer and spray chamber

20. Perkin-Elmer Burner System

21. Burner Head Design (Looking down from above) Emission/Fluorescence Absorption

22. Fraction of analyte present as neutral free gaseous atom in the flame

23. Background Emission from Flames Oxygen - Hydrogen Oxygen - Acetylene Nitrous oxide - Acetylene

24. Flame Absorption Profiles vary by element

25. Signals also vary with sample flow rate

26. Block Diagram of a Flame Emission Spectrometer

27. Schematic Diagram of a single-beam atomic absorption spectrometer

28. The monochromator in an atomic absorption experiment simply isolates the appropriate spectral line from all of the lines emitted by the light source

29. Atomic Absorption Spectrometers

30. Continuum Source Background Correction

32. Representative Flame Detection Limits (ng/mL)