1. Reuse of Energy (Biogas) Dipl. Ing. Martin Wafler, seecon international, Austria Developing Capacity for Ecological Sanitation in India Ecosan Training Courses for TSC officials

2. Ecocycle source: www.kristianstad.se/ co-digestion of waste and manure food production at farms re-use of nutrients re-use of energy organic waste from households and industries

3. Possible Benefits of Biogas Plants to the End-users Under the right conditions a biogas plant yields several benefits to end-users: Improved sanitation: reduction of pathogens, worm eggs and flies; Environmental advantages: fertilizer substitution, less greenhouse gas emission; Reduction of workload: less firewood collection, better cooking performance; Production of energy: lighting, heat, electricity, etc.; Improved indoor air quality: less smoke and harmful particle emission of biogas stoove compared to wood or dung fuels; Economical benefits: substitution of spendings on expensive fuels and fertilizers;

4. Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas? Environmental Advantages Local environmental advantages through protection of forests, soil, water and air. Global environmental benefits through reduced green house gas emissions. Global Warming Potential (GWP) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) has a GWP of exactly 1 (since it is the baseline unit to which all other greenhouse gases are compared)

5. Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas? Social Advantages Reduction of workload, mainly for women, in firewood collection and cooking

6. Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas? Health Advantages Reduction of respiratory chest diseases, lung cancer, cataract and other eye infections, lung infections source: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/photo: M. Wafler Indoor Air PollutionImproved Air Quality Using Biogas Stoove

7. Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas? Economic Advantages Substitute to fire wood, LPG, dung cake in e.g. cooking 0.5 kg Diesel, Kerosene@ ca. 12 kWh/kg 1.3 kg Wood@ ca. 4.5 kWh/kg 1.2 kg Cow Dung@ ca. 5 kWh/kg dry matter 1.3 kg Plant Residue@ ca. 4.5 kWh/kg dry matter 0.7 kg Hard Coal@ ca. 8.5 kWh/kg 1.1 m 3 City Gas@ ca. 5.3 kWh/m 3 0.24 m 3 Propane@ ca. 25 kWh/m 3 1 m 3 Biogas (@ ca. 6 kWh/m3) is equivalent to:

8. Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas? 30 m 3 BIOGAS==INR. 400 (@ 14.2 kg of LPG per container)

9. Biogas Appliances photo: Krmer (TBW) Institutional biogas burner in a community kitchen Biogas Lamp (Thailand) photo: Chaing Mai

10. Biogas Appliances Biogas Water Heater (China) Biogas Generator Biogas Rice Cooker (China)

11. Biogas Appliances and Their Biogas Consumption (photo: K.P. Pravinjith) (photo: M. Wafler) appliance: biogas consumption  l/hour  household burner200 - 450 industrial burner1,000 – 3,000 refrigarator (100 l capacity; depending on outside temperature) 720 – 1,800 gas lamp (equivalent to 60 W bulb)120 - 150 biogas/diesel engine (per bhp)420 source: [6]

12. Reuse of Energy (Biogas) Dipl. Ing. Martin Wafler, seecon international, Austria Developing Capacity for Ecological Sanitation in India Ecosan Training Courses for TSC officials

13. Bibliography (1)Kossmann, W. et al (unknown). Biogas Digest (Volume I) – Biogas Basics (2)Seghersbetter (2002). Anaerobic Digestion in Wastewater Treatment http://www.scientecmatrix.com/seghers/tecm/scientecmatrix.nsf/_/FF976EA7B13F69F5C1256B5A005418 EC/$file/AnaerobicDigestionInWasteWaterTreatment.pdf. (last accessed on March 15th, 2007) (3)Hammer, M., (2002). Ugandan Biogas Plants – State of the Art (4)SANIMAS (2005). Informed Choice Catalogue (PP-Presentation) http://sanimas.waspola.org/product.htmlhttp://sanimas.waspola.org/product.html (5)Werner, U., Stöhr, U., Hees, N. (1989). Biogas plants in animal husbandry (6)Sasse, L. (1988). Biogas Plants (7)Morel A., Diener S. (2006). Greywater Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries, Review of different treatment systems for households or neighbourhoods. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). Dübendorf, Switzerland.