1. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 1 ICLEAC Survey Presentation Instability Control of Low Emission Aero-Engine Combustors G4RD-CT-2000-0215 R&T project within the 5 th Framework program of the European Union: Presented by: L. Hernandez Turbomeca 4 year program started March 1 2000

2. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 2 ICLEAC Survey Presentation Instability Control of Low Emission Aero-Engine Combustors Agenda Partners Mission Organisation Experiments and Measurements Calculations Exploitation and Dissemination Questions

3. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 3 ICLEAC Partners TurbomecaF MTUD Rolls-Royce DeutschlandD SnecmaF Rolls-RoyceUK AVIO S.p.A.I QINETIQUK CERFACSF CNRS/DR5/EM2CF Cranfield UniversityUK Karlsruhe University - EBID Munich University - TDMD Genova University - DIMSETI UCAM-DENGUK

4. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 4 ICLEAC Mission Low Emissions Combustion Instabilities * Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes * Large Eddy Simulation Treatment of CI today: a posteriori –expensive and time consuming re-design tests Objective: being able to deal with the problem a priori –Concept phase Design Rules Low Order Models –Development phase Heavy CFD methods: URANS* and LES*

5. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 5 ICLEAC Mission Measurements Injector Aerodynamics and spray databases (steady and unsteady) Flame Transfer Functions (FTF) in simple and engine like sector rigs Generic and real engine geometry thermo acoustics and mixing Calculations FTF calculated by URANS and LES URANS and LES development Tools Design rules Low Order Model (LOM) URANS and LES

6. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 6 ICLEAC Organisation 5 Work Packages WP1 Management and exploitation WP2 Unsteady behaviour of Fluid-dynamic LP*/LPP* injection systems WP3 Measurement of Transfer Functions WP4 Combustion Instabilities Prediction WP5 Advanced 2 and 3D diagnostics on combustors 4 year program started March 1 2000 Final report April 2004 * Lean Premixed * Lean Pre-vaporised Premixed

7. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 7 ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements ‘2D’ atmospheric combustion rig ambient air temperature inlet acoustic excitation modular design Optical access PLIF*, Chemiluminescence (OH, CH, C2 radicals) FTF derivation * Planer Laser Induced Fluorescence Loudspeakers Microphones Adiabatic Walls Optical Access Hot Wire FUEL INLET

8. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 8 ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements Atmospheric Injector Spray Rig Optical access Acoustic excitation PDA* and LSD* for droplet size, velocity, and concentration measurement in dense sprays Spray FTF derivation * Phase Doppler Anemometry * Laser Sheet Drop sizing

9. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 9 ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements Injector spray test rig 3 bar 300-500 K Acoustic excitation Optical access PDA and LSD for droplet size, velocity, and concentration measurement in dense sprays Spray FTF derivation

10. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 10 ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements Large scale injector test rig Atmospheric Acoustic excitation Optical access LDV*, PIV* Derivation of 3D velocity field and turbulence * Laser Doppler Velocimetry * Particle Imaging Velocimetry

11. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 11 ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements Atmospheric Combustion Rig T3 770 K Acoustic excitation Optical access OH Chemiluminescence FTF derivation

12. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 12 ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements Atmospheric Combustion Rig T3 800 K Acoustic excitation Optical access PIV, Mie scattering, OH Chemiluminescence Derivation of flow/spray field and FTF

13. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 13 ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements High Pressure Combustion Rig P3 40 bar T3 800 K Acoustic excitation Optical access PIV, OH Chemiluminescence

14. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 14 ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements Atmospheric & High Pressure Combustion Rig P3 15 bar T3 800 K Acoustic excitation FTF derivation from fast response pressure measurements and CH Chemiluminescence Airflow Pressure casing Pressure measurement LPP Burner Internal ductwork Variable frequency Siren CH sampling probe Combustor Silencer

15. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 15 ICLEAC Calculations Low-Order Model Linear model for combustion instability Gives frequency and stability predictions Fast enough to be used at design stage

16. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 16 ICLEAC Calculations CFD applied to rumble Mechanism of self-excited oscillation Identification of flame transfer function Integration of CFD and low-order models Time Pressure

17. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 17 Exploitation and Dissemination RR-UK & RRD Single sector test rigs atmospheric low pressure < 3 bar intermediate pressure < 15 bar LPP modules delay time effective area Air blast burners Flame characterization Flame transfer functions Spray transfer functions LOM 1D geometry implementation of FTF validation Multi-Link Flow Network in-house application integration of LOM validation CFD simulations 2D & 3D geometries numerical FTF self-excitation CFD simulations in-house application best practice validation CRANFIELD / QINETIQ / TD-Munich UCAM RR-UKlarge engines RRD medium engines ICLEAC

18. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 18 Exploitation and Dissemination Example LOM results of RB211 DLE industrial combustion system Frequency Unstable Mode Combustor Mode x (m)

19. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 19 Exploitation and Dissemination AVIO S.p.A Laboratory LPP double swirler injector of AVIO design large scale model same Re number original and modified geometries Analysis mode (large scale premixer): comparison of flow fields and unstable behaviour critical modes detection parametric optimisation UNIGE-DIMSET: Experimental activities Measurement techniques 3D LDV hot-wire anemometry PIV Unsteady aerodynamic investigation Time averaged and ensemble averaged flow field Reynolds stress distributions unsteady phenomena detection data sets for time-dependent N.S. and RANS code assessment Design mode (Real LPP prototype): preheated 2-phase behaviour fully reactive conditions Transient Performance Method (CFD based) ICLEAC AVIO S.p.A URANS Transient Performance Method (TPM) applied to gas turbine combustor development LPP double swirler injector design RANS code for design and analysis validation Unsteady CFD Solver NastComb: in-house development & validation advanced turbulence model reactive prediction (detailed) radiation modelling UNIGE-DIMSET: Numerical activities

20. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 20 Exploitation and Dissemination Example

21. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 21 Exploitation and Dissemination Turbomeca & SNECMA Laboratory rig non-premixed turbulent burner LES model development EM2C CERFACS Measurements PIV OH chem. Hot wire anemometry Flame Characterisation Transfer functions velocity profiles visualisation,... LES modelling results ICLEAC SNECMA LES modelling applied to gas turbine combustor development Turbomeca

22. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 22 Exploitation and Dissemination Example LES calculation of CNRS/EM2C 2D burner Velocity field Propane iso-surface (Y C3H8 =0.06 stoichiometric value) coloured by the temperature Transverse cuts coloured by the propane consumption rate

23. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 23 Exploitation and Dissemination Example LES calculation of CNRS/EM2C 2D burner Simulation time 21ms ( one flow-through time) Movie of forced case

24. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 24 Questions

25. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 25 Acronyms

26. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 26 ICLEAC Organisation WP2 : isothermal experiments on injection systems WP3 : transfer functions on combustors - effect of damping technologies WP4 : development of simulation methods WP5 : detailed measurements on combustors In each Work package we have two types of hardware that are investigated : generic / academic hardware real scale / Low Emission Aero Engine hardware.

27. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 27 ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements Atmospheric Combustion Rig T3 650 K Optical access Acoustic excitation Dynamic pressure, CH Chemiluminescence FTF derivation

28. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 28 ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements High Pressure Combustion Rig P3 15 bar T3 800 K Acoustic excitation Dynamic pressure, CH Chemiluminescence FTF derivation

29. ICLEAC Survey Presentation Stuttgart, 13/14 November 2003 29 ICLEAC Mission To understand fundamental mechanisms leading to Combustion Instabilities in Aero Engine Low Emission Combustors. This includes the elaboration of comprehensive databases on academic flames and real combustor flames used both for analysis and code validation To develop and validate predictive tools on generic and real Low Emission combustors also used in other programmes. This includes RANS and LES methods as well as a low order model (TALON) that is delivered to the partners during the last year of the programme To define and validate design rules for Low Emission Combustors for Aero Engines to avoid/reduce combustion instabilities. Includes correlations between combustor geometries, and oscillation frequencies / amplitudes.