1. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Common Solutions & Success to Reduce DMC Heidi Hsia, OJJDP Please visit often: http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org/dmc

2. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. History of DMC 1988 Annual Report to Congress by the Coalition for JJ, A Delicate Balance 1988 Reauthorization of JJDP Act-- DMC as a requirement 1992 Reauthorization of JJDP Act-- DMC as a core requirement 2002 Reauthorization of JJDP Act-- retaining DMC as a core requirement

3. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) As A Core Requirement of JJDP Act of 1974, as amended in 1992 Requiring States participating in the JJDP Act’s Part B Formula Grants program to “address efforts to reduce the proportion of juveniles detained or confined in secure detention facilities, secure facilities, jails, and lockups who are members of minority groups if such proportion exceeds the proportion such groups represent in the general populations”.

4. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) As A Core Requirement of JJDP Act of 1974, as Amended in 2002 Requiring States participating in the JJDP Act’s Part B Formula Grants program to “address juvenile delinquency prevention efforts and system improvement efforts designed to reduce, without establishing or requiring numerical standards or quotas, the disproportionate number of juvenile members of minority groups, who come into contact with the juvenile justice system”.

5. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Defining of Minority Population African-Americans American Indians Asians Pacific Islanders Hispanics

6. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Reducing DMC Identification Assessment Intervention Evaluation Monitoring

7. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Identification (Does DMC exist?) arrest secure detention secure juvenile corrections adult jails adult lockups transfer to adult court

8. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Assessment (Why does DMC exist?) Arrested Diverted Detained Prosecuted Adjudicated Disposition Committed Transfer to Adult court

9. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Assessment The juvenile justice system The educational system The community The family

10. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Intervention: Leveling the Playing Field Programmatic approach Systems improvement approach

11. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Evaluation Process evaluations answer questions such as: What are we doing? How are we doing it? Outcome evaluations answer the question: What difference are our efforts making?

12. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Monitoring Changing demographics Adjustment in intervention strategies Has DMC been reduced? Keeps DMC issues on the front burner

13. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Evaluation & Monitoring Identification AssessmentIntervention

14. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Intervention: Commonly Used Strategies Community-based prevention, diversion, & intervention programs, including alternatives to confinement Cultural sensitivity training, institute cultural competency programs, increase public awareness Use standardized screening instruments to increase objectivity in decision-making Strengthen State leadership in reducing DMC Promote systems change through legislative efforts and policy changes Continue to monitor DMC trends

15. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Community-based Programs Minority family advocate Parent projects for Spanish-speaking parents A Hispanic case manager in elementary schools to increase Hispanic students’ school attendance Elder-Mentor Program for Native American families Alternatives to detention & incarceration through home detention, intensive supervision, electronic monitoring, emergency shelters, expedite programs to reduce inappropriate confinement Transition & aftercare services

16. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. What Makes Community-based Programs Successful? Systematic Community owned Use promising approaches Conduct evaluation Institutionalize what works

17. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Cultural Sensitivity, Competency, & Public Awareness Cultural sensitivity training Increase cultural diversity of staff through recruitment & promotion practice Producing non-English materials Recruit minorities to serve on Community Accountability Boards Empower and partner with minority communities Statewide DMC conferences

18. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. What Makes Cultural Sensitivity, Competency, & Public Awareness Programs Successful? Cultural sensitivity training needs to be routinely offered in orientation and repeated regularly. Cultural competency training needs to be job- specific. Hiring and promotional practices need to be consistently applied.

19. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Use of Standardized Instruments to Increase Objective Decision-Making Use standardized risk and needs assessment classification systems. Development model intake screening guidelines. Mandate prosecutorial standards. Employ standardized diagnostic tools.

20. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. What Makes Use of Standardized Instruments Successful? Use locally developed and validated instruments. Staff need to be fully trained on the use of the instruments. Sufficient supervision to assure quality control in the use of the instruments. Sufficient community-based alternative programs.

21. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. Strengthen State Leadership Establish a DMC subcommittee on the SAG. -Enhance public awareness of & focus on DMC -Develop plans to reduce DMC -Advocate for resources for DMC efforts Establish a State DMC Coordinator position. -DMC information/resource & TA -Facilitate sustained DMC efforts statewide

22. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. What Makes Effective State Leadership? Effective functioning of the DMC Subcommittee. Ongoing partnership betw. The DMC Subcommittee & the State DMC Coordinator. Develop a sound State DMC plan. Fund DMC initiatives according to plan. Support localities’ DMC efforts.

23. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. System Improvement Through Policy & Procedure Change & Legislative Reform OR mandates cultural competency in all State agencies. WA’s legislative efforts: -Adopt prosecutorial standards -require State agencies to report on DMC -Establish local juvenile justice advisory committees to monitor and report on disproportionality. MO requires the state court administrator to develop standards, training and assessment forms on racial disparities.

24. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. What Makes Systems Improvement Successful? Top-down & bottom-up commitment--long term and consistent. Use of valid research to guide policy & procedure changes & legislative reform. Commitment of funds when necessary. Ongoing quality control of the implementation.

25. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. What Enables Evaluation & What Makes DMC Monitoring Useful? Require/provide resources for formal evaluation of all funded activities Use evaluation and monitoring data for comparison, feedback, and decision-making.

26. Reproduction of these materials only by author's explicit permission. DMC D ata-driven local initiatives M ulti-pronged interventions C ontinuity in leadership and commitment