1. Keweenaw Interdisciplinary Transport Experiment in Superior 20 investigators 8 institutions 5-year $5.4 million

2. Seeking a quantitative understanding of processes dominating the transport, transformation and fate of biologically, chemically and geologically important matter on the continental margins, including the margins of large lakes. CoOP Project Goals Exploring physical processes (e.g. longshore currents and thermal fronts) mediating cross-margin transport of materials discharged to and generated within the nearshore waters of Lake Superior. KITES

3. The Thermal Bar Hypothesis: the thermal bar represents a barrier to offshore mass transport... Thermal Bar

4. The Keweenaw Current Hypothesis: the current can retard, re-direct and/or accelerate offshore mass transport... Thermal Bar

5. KITES Project Organization physical processes sediment transport chemical gradients biological communities remote sensing mathematical modeling … each exploring the role of physical processes in mediating cross-margin transport

6. Study Site on Lake Superior ON HN EH Keweenaw Peninsula

7. Tributary Discharges Dr. Marty Auer, Dr. Judy Budd and Tom Gatzke “The Ontonagon River and the Thermal Bar”

8. Tributary Discharges 15 Mar 1 Apr 15 Apr 1 May 15 May 1 Jun

9. Tributary Discharges

10. Tributary Discharges 4-20-1998 Remote sensing reflectance at 555 nm

11. Plankton Dr. Marty Auer, Laura Bub, and Kim Elenbaas Dr. Judy Budd and Dave Osterberg “Dynamics and Distribution”

12. Bacterioplankton (10 6 cells·mL -1 ) (mg C·m -3 ·h -1 ) “Seasonal Dynamics”

13. Phytoplankton “Mixed Layer Depth” Chlorophyll Temperature

14. Phytoplankton Deep Chlorophyll Maximum Chlorophyll Temperature

15. Zooplankton ChlorophyllTemperatureZooplankton Vertical Distribution

16. Phytoplankton Remote Sensing 7-15-2000 Chlorophyll a (µg/L)

17. Zooplankton Dr. Charles Kerfoot “Resurrection Ecology” http://www.joensuu.fi/matemluonto/biologia/ekotox/kirppu.html

18. Zooplankton 0 250 500 Keweenaw Bay Daphnia mendotae Daphnia retrocurva 1945 1930 1900

19. Benthos Jason Kahn, Dr. Nancy Auer, Dr. Marty Auer, and Dr. Noel Urban “Organic carbon flux and Diporeia distribution” C

20. Benthos 0 2 4 6 02468101214161820 Offshore Distance (km) Diporeia (#/m 2 )

21. Benthos Depth % Silt and Clay

22. Benthos 0.11 0.24 0.05 gOCm -2 d -1

23. Larval Fish Jason Oyadomari and Dr. Nancy Auer “Distribution of Larval Lake Herring in Relation to the Keweenaw Current”

24. Larval Fish 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 1000 100 10 1 Distance from Shore (km) # of Lake Herring Larvae ∙ 1000 m -3 21 May 2000 – Surface Waters Houghton Transect Ontonagon Transect

25. Larval Fish Gene Mensch and Dr. Nancy Auer “Dispersal of Larval Fish at Eagle River”

26. Larval Fish Mouth 1 km North 1 km South Catostomidae Mouth 1 km North 1 km South Cyprinidae 7 July 2002 Night Seining Larvae per 20m 2 Seine Haul 200 100 0 80 40 0

27. Carbon Cycling and Energy Flow Dr. Noel Urban, Dr. Marty Auer, and Dr. Sarah Green “A Carbon Budget for Lake Superior” Falls Photo Copyright 1993 philg@mit.edu CO 2 CH 2 O

28. Photosynthesis (150) Tributaries (7) Dissolved (150,000) Particulate (8,000) Respiration (1,100) Settling (20) Microbial Assimilation (100) Offshore, stratified conditions Standing Crop (mgm -2 ), Transfer Rates (mgm -2 d -1 ) Carbon Cycling and Energy Flow Photolysis (?)

29. Fish Community Objectives for Lake Superior Goals and Guiding Principles the ecosystem must be managed within the bounds of its biological productivity the ecosystem must be managed based on science fish habitats must be protected ability to manage fish communities is limited

30. y’all come see! Conclusion: 22-24 May 2002 www.iaglr.org/superior Abstract Deadline: 12 April 2002

31. Email addresses of investigators cited here: mtauer@mtu.edu naauer@mtu.edu jrbudd@mtu.edu sgreen@mtu.edu wkerfoot@mtu.edu nurban@mtu.edu