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The use of geospatial technologies to monitor surface water Department of Zoology, UNH Cooperative Extension Center for Freshwater Biology, University of New Hampshire NEAEB Annual Meeting, March 29-31, 2006 Shane Bradt
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What are geospatial technologies? “Hypothetical” situations for using GST to monitor surface waters Where did these ideas come from? Any other ideas...
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Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Geographic Information System (GIS) Remote Sensing (RS)
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How does GPS work? Earth Space 1. The receiver picks up the signals from the satellites GPS
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How does GPS work? Earth Space 2. Travel time of signal from satellite used to calculate distance 0.075 sec = 14,000 mi 0.059 sec = 11,000 mi 0.070 sec = 13,000 mi 0.065 sec = 12,000 mi 3. Receiver triangulates to determine position of the receiver GPS
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How does GPS work? 3. Receiver triangulates to determine position of the receiver GPS
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How does GPS work? 3. Receiver triangulates to determine position of the receiver GPS
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How does GPS work? 3. Receiver triangulates to determine position of the receiver GPS
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How does GPS work? 3. Receiver triangulates to determine position of the receiver You are here! GPS
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Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Points, Lines, Areas
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Chemical, Physical and Biological Activities RS
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Visual representation Thematic representation RS
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Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Remote Sensing (RS) Points, Lines, Areas Imagery, Topography
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Remote Sensing GPS GIS Data Sources Paper Maps GIS
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What makes GIS work? GIS SOFTWARE - Stack different data layers GIS SOFTWARE - Knows how features are related to each other spatially GIS
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Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Geographic Information System (GIS) Remote Sensing (RS) Points, Lines, Areas Imagery, Topography Points, Lines, Areas, Imagery, Topography Spatial information linked to tabular data Be aware of error inherent in data
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Questions you need to ask yourself What is your goal? –Monitor many lakes over long time scales What features would you like to monitor? –Water clarity How frequently do you need measurements? –Several times a year What is the spatial scale you need? –30 meters
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What is your goal? –Monitor many lakes over long time scales What features would you like to monitor? –Water clarity How frequently do you need measurements? –Several times a year What is the spatial scale you need? –30 meters “Hypothetical” situation #1
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Long term change – Secchi disk depth Landsat TM GISGPSRS
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Long term change – Secchi disk depth Landsat TM GISGPSRS
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Long term change – Secchi disk depth Landsat TM GISGPSRS
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What is your goal? –Detail water quality a single large lake What features would you like to monitor? –Chlorophyll How frequently do you need measurements? –Once What is the spatial scale you need? –1 km “Hypothetical” situation #2
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( g l -1 ) GISGPS Short term: chlorophyll
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Chl 2Chl 3 Short term: chlorophyll Chl 1 MODIS GISGPSRS
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Long term: chlorophyll GISGPSRS
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2 Jun 05 Chlorophyll data from lake collections Method for determining chlorophyll from satellite 18 May 057 Jun 059 Jun 0514 Jun 0517 Jun 0526 May 0513 May 058 May 05
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What is your goal? –A RS method to detect many water quality features What features would you like to monitor? –Chlorophyll, CDOM, cyanobacteria, sediments How frequently do you need measurements? –Variable What is the spatial scale you need? –Small as possible “Hypothetical” situation #3
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DRS on-lake GPSRS Short term: chl, phyco, CDOM, sediments
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Phycocyanin Fluorescence Scattering CDOM Chlorophyll aPhycocyanin Fluorescence Scattering CDOM Chlorophyll a Chl a = 61.9 g l -1 SDD = 0.6 m CDOM = 28.4 CPU Chl a = 1.4 g l -1 SDD = 6.4 m CDOM = 7.4 CPU Short term: chl, phyco, CDOM, sediments GPSRS
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Short term: chl, phyco, CDOM, sediments GISGPSRS
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What is your goal? –Describe watershed characteristics for a water body What features would you like to monitor? –Watershed extent, landcover, soils, topography How frequently do you need measurements? –Every few years What is the spatial scale you need? –Depends on feature “Hypothetical” situation #4
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Topography: DEM GISRS
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Hillshade: DEM GISRS
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Topography: DEM GISRS
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Watershed: DEM GISRS
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Slope: DEM GISRS
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Severe slope: DEM GISRS
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Landcover: Landsat GISRSGPS
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Impervious surfaces: Landsat GISRS
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Impervious surfaces: Landsat GISRS
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Soils: Soil Surveys GIS
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Where did I get these ideas? Introduction: –UNH Cooperative Extension – Myself, Jeff Schloss Hypothetical #1: Monitor water clarity in many lakes –Upper Midwest Regional Earth Science Applications Center (Minnesota, Michigan and Wisconsin) Hypothetical #2: Monitor chlorophyll in a large lake –My PhD research, USGS Salt Lake City, Utah State University Hypothetical #3: RS method of describing lakes –My PhD research, University of Nebraska Lincoln, EPA Region 1 Hypothetical #4: Describing watershed features –UNH Cooperative Extension GIS course – Watershed Analysis using Spatial Analyst in ArcGIS 9.1
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Where did I get these ideas? Introduction: –UNH Cooperative Extension – Myself, Jeff Schloss Hypothetical #1: Monitor water clarity in many lakes –Upper Midwest Regional Earth Science Applications Center (Minnesota, Michigan and Wisconsin) Hypothetical #2: Monitor chlorophyll in a large lake –My PhD research, USGS Salt Lake City, Utah State University Hypothetical #3: RS method of describing lakes –My PhD research, University of Nebraska Lincoln, EPA Region 1 Hypothetical #4: Describing watershed features –UNH Cooperative Extension GIS course – Watershed Analysis using Spatial Analyst in ArcGIS 9.1
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