1. Photosynthesis
Chapter 8

2. Vocabulary—Breaking Down the Definitions
Photosynthesis
Pigment
Chlorophyll
Thylakoid
Stroma
NADP+
Light Dependent Reactions
ATP Synthase
Calvin Cycle

3. Photosynthesis—What Do We Already Know?
Have them independently brainstorm what they know, share in groups, write on board

4. Photosynthesis Brain Pop

5. Chemical Equation—Quiz on this Next Meeting!6 6

6. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy sugars.

7. CHLOROPHYLL= a molecule within a chloroplast
Light and Pigments
In addition to water and carbon dioxide, photosynthesis also requires LIGHT and CHLOROPHYLL.
CHLOROPHYLL= a molecule within a chloroplast
Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs light

8. IVF to Analyze the Graph!
Model, very guided for the first time

9. 2 Stages of Photosynthesis
Light Reactions—In the Thylakoids
Light Energy (from the sun) is converted to chemical energy, which is temporarily stored in ATP and the energy carrier molecule NADPH.
Calvin Cycle—In the Stroma
A series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar.

10. Inside a Chloroplast Photosynthesis takes place inside a chloroplast
The chloroplast contains saclike membranes called THYLAKOIDS
THYLAKOIDS are arranged in stacks called GRANA
The Chlorophyll is inside the thylakoids
The STROMA is the region outside of the thylakoids

12. The first stage of photosynthesis is the LIGHT REACTIONS.
Light is absorbed by the chloroplasts
Light Energy is converted to Chemical Energy (stored in ATP and NADPH)

13. Light Reactions Continued
Oxygen is given off during this reaction. --Leaf Demo--
Chlorophyll in the chloroplast contains pigments (compounds that absorb light) that absorb a lot of blue and red light but reflect green light (giving plants their green color.

14. Light Reactions Continued
An oxidation reaction takes place, losing electrons and the primary electron acceptor takes on the lost electrons in a reduction reaction.
The primary electron acceptor donates the electrons to a series of molecules in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.

15. Oxygen as Byproduct Demo
Submerge a live leaf in a bowl of water, observe after 30 min.

16. Label the diagram
Have a handout for the kids, then fill in whole class

17. Dark Reactions/Calvin Cycle
In the second set of reactions in photosynthesis plants use the energy that was stored in ATP and NADPH during the light reactions to produce sugars.
Most common way this is done is called the CALVIN CYCLE.
Calvin Cycle Song!
Sciencemusic videos

18. 4 Steps of the Calvin Cycle
3 CO2 molecules diffuse into the stroma and combine with a 5-Carbon molecule, RuBP. This molecule is very unstable and it quickly splits into 2 3-Carbon molecules called 3- PGA.
Each 3-PGA is converted into another 3 Carbon molecule, G3P after receiving a phosphate group from ATP and a proton from NADPH.
Step 1
Step 2

19. 4 Steps of the Calvin Cycle
One of the G3P molecules leave the Calvin Cycle to make carbohydrates which are stored for later use.
The remaining 3GP molecules are converted back into RuBP by adding phosphate groups from ATP and then the Calvin Cycle begins again.
Step 3
Step 4

20. Step 1—3 CO2 molecules combine to form RuBP (6 carbon molecule) which splits into 3 PGA
Step 4– The rest of the G3P is converted back into RuBP/Rubisco
Calvin Cycle
Step 3– One molecule of G3P leaves the cycle to make sugars
Step 2—Each molecule of 3 PGA is converted to G3P

21. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Water, Temperature, Intensity of Light all affect the rate of photosynthesis

22. Thinking Visually
Complete the flowchart on page 216 of your book.

23. Investigation Photosynthesis
District Lab Manual—intensity of light