1. Chapter 1 Finishing it up! Plethodon jordani

2. Chapter 1 Finishing it up!

6. Chapter 2 Life on Land

7. Chapter 2 Objectives: 1 Identify the major biomes of the world using temperature, precipitation and latitude. 2. Explain how uneven heating and the earth’s rotation create climates 3. Be able to interpret a climate diagram

8. Biome - What is it? Biome - A definition: The major categories of the world’s terrestrial environments

9. Biomes Distinguished by their plants

10. Biomes Distinguished by their plants Associated with a particular climate 1. Temperature (radiant energy)

11. Biomes Distinguished by their plants Associated with a particular climate 1. Temperature (radiant energy) 2. Precipitation (water)

12. Biomes Distinguished by their plants Associated with a particular climate 1. Temperature (radiant energy) 2. Precipitation (water) Large spatial scale (no microclimates, etc.)

13. Fig. 2.3

14. Seasons of the earth Rotation around the sun: Uneven heating of the earth (most concentrated when sun is directly overhead) Earth’s axis is not perpendicular to sun (23.5 o tilt) Uneven heating drives global wind and precipitation patterns

15. Fig. 2.4

16. Fig. 2.5

17. Winds and Temperature Earth spins. The air move north and south. What happens? What we feel is “apparent” wind, or Coriolis effect

18. Fig. 2.6

19. Factors That Control Climate Latitude (Affects solar radiation) Direction of prevailing winds –From ocean or from land (moist vs. dry) –From tropical or polar (warm vs. cold) –Rain shadow of mountains Proximity to large water bodies (moderates temperature, less extreme hot / cold) Elevation (temperature decreases, rainfall increases with increased elevation)

20. Climate Diagrams Climate diagrams explore relationship between terrestrial vegetation and climate

21. Fig. 2.6

22. Structure of climate diagrams Figure 2.7 With the 10 o C and 20mm intervals on the temperature and precipitation axes, when the precipitation curve is above the temperature curve vegetation has enough water to be actively growing (indicated by the blue shading b/t the two curves. } } Dark blue for > 100 mm/mo {

23. Structure of climate diagrams Figure 2.7 When the precipitation curve drops below the temperature curve, this indicates drought conditions. Vegetation would not have enough water to be actively growing and would be dormant (indicated by the tan shading b/t the two curves.

24. Biome A major geographic region characterized by a distinctive assemblage of life forms. –Defined by dominant plant life forms on land. –Defined by dominant plants or animals in sea Terrestrial biomes are generally the result of large-scale climate patterns.

25. Biomes From Your Text: Tropical Rain Forest Tropical Dry Forest Tropical Savannas Desert Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland Temperate Grassland Temperate Forest Boreal Forest Tundra Mountains

26. Biomes From Image Map: Tundra Taiga Temperate Forest Tropical Rain Forest Grassland Desert

28. Mountain Geography

29. Biomes Tundra: Precipitation:Low Temperature:Cold, short summers Plant Assemblage:Lichens, mosses, sedges, small trees

30. Fig. 2.34

31. Biomes Taiga or Boreal Forest: Precipitation: Moderate Temperature:Cold, short summers Plant Assemblage:Conifers of one or two species

32. Biomes Temperate Forests (Indiana): Precipitation:Moderate Temperature:Not Extreme Plant Assemblage:Deciduous and Conifer trees

33. Biomes Tropical Rain Forest: Precipitation:High Temperature:Warm Year Around Plant Assemblage:Great Diversity, bunches and bunches of critters

34. Fig. 2.8a

35. Biomes Grasslands: Precipitation:Wet and dry seasons Temperature:Winter and summer Plant Assemblage:Grasses, few trees Note:Fire is an important abiotic factor that controls growth of large plants

36. Biomes Desert: Precipitation:Low Temperature:Hot or cold, but extreme Plant Assemblage:Low productivity, but high diversity. Note:Plants adapted to extreme environments

37. Fig. 2.8b

39. What did we learn in Chapter 2? Uneven heating of the earth’s surface creates predictable variations in global climates Distribution of terrestrial biomes corresponds closely to prevailing temperature and precipitation. Ain’t Ecology cool!!!