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Chapter 12 The Economic- Geography of Energy Introduction Energy in the International Arena: Trade and Geopolitics The National Arena: Location and Spatial Distribution Summary
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Key Themes Location and spatial distribution: type of energy, location of supply and demand Spatial allocation and movement: methods of energy transfer & networks Futurism: what will be energy resources in the future, and the Malthusian Dragon: how will we adapt to depletion of nonrenewable energy resources?
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Energy in the International Arena: Trade and Geopolitics The key role of energy in economic development Multiple sources, with varying geographies of production PETROLEUM: Highly uneven geographic distribution of resources AND a strong correlation between consumption and level of economic development Growth of global alliances in sectors with uneven development and strong levels of trade: OPEC
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Parallels Fig. 12.3
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Parallels Fig 12.2, 12.3
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Parallels Fig 12.1, 12.2
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Historic U.S. Energy Consumption
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Aggregate Energy Flows 2003
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U.S. Energy Imports & Exports Scale
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U.S. Energy Consumption Trend
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U.S. Energy Overview
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Parallels Fig 12.6 Parallels Fig 12.8
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Composite Energy Flow U.S. Parallels Figure 12.7
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Petroleum 2003
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Coal 2003
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Natural Gas 2003
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Electricity 2003 Not Secondary Energy in the Pacific Northwest!
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Electrical Power Energy Sources U.S.
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U.S. Electrical Energy Sources: More Detail
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Electric Power Energy Sources
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Electric Power Sales
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The Falling Real Price of Electricity
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Wind? Could be huge in the PNW
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Energy Consumption Indicators
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Projected U.S. Energy Consumption Totally Unpredictable
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Malthusian Dragons? Can these extrapolations continue? The finite supply of petroleum, natural gas, and even coal Shell’s recent revelations of exaggerated reserves The hydrogen potential: who would supply? Existing petro-dominant energy companies? New players The shifting interest in R&D in alternative energy sources with changing geopolitics Can R&D save us again? What do you think?
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Energy Produced on Federal Lands
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Upshot For most industries, energy costs are a small proportion of production costs But, they are critical, and intimately related to transportation costs, that do have a significant influence on the global distribution of production The geography of global economic activity is clearly influenced by energy supplies, costs, technologies, and trading systems
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