1. Harvard Basics Referencing Guide

2. Referencing is an acknowledgement of the sources of the information, ideas, thoughts and data which you have used in your work. Referencing requires in two places: In-text citation in the bibliography or list of references at the end of your work What is Referencing? DEFINITION

3. Receiving credit for your own hard work and research Demonstrating your intellectual integrity by conforming to agreed academic standards of good practice Contextualizing your work to show how it relates to current research and debates Directing your reader to sources of information and enabling them to 'pick up the thread' BENEFITS

4. WARMING UP IN-TEXT CITATIONREFERENCE LIST CITATION Phillips (2006) describes a new... Putting before the sentence Fowkes, B. (1995) The rise and fall of communism in Eastern Europe. 2 nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan. ….(Wood 2004, p126) Putting at the end of sentence In a recent report (Phillips 2006) the... Putting at the beginning of sentence IN-TEXT CITATION & REFERENCE LIST CITATION

5. PART 1 : IN -TEXT CITATION NUMBER OF AUTHORIN-TEXT CITATION 1 authorPhillips (2006) describes... / In a recent report (Phillips 2006) the... 2 or 3 authors (Daly, Speedy and Jackson 2006) / Daly, Speedy and Jackson (2006) discuss the... More than 3 authors(Russell et al. 2005) or Russell et al. (2005) give a description of... Editors(Crouch, Jackson and Thompson 2005) OR Crouch, Jackson and Thompson (2005) provide evidence that... Corporate authors (organizations, companies and institutions) (British Airways 2003) OR In the report by British Airways (2003) it can be seen that... Citing more than one source by the same author(s) (Nielsen 1993a) describes … (Nielsen 1993b) shows how … In references list NIELSEN, Jakob (1993a). Hypertext and hypermedia. London, Academic Press. NIELSEN, Jakob (1993b). Usability engineering. London, Academic Press. How To Do?

6. PART 1 : IN -TEXT CITATION NUMBER OF AUTHORIN-TEXT CITATION If cannot identify the author (Dictionary of biology 2004) OR In the Dictionary of biology (2004)... If cannot identify the year (Collins no date) OR Collins (no date) describes... If has page numbers(Wood 2004, p126) OR Wood (2004, p126) If from e-book sources with no page number (Austen 1994, ch2) OR Austen (1994, ch2) How To Do?

7. PART 1 : IN -TEXT CITATION EXAMPLE: PAPER

8. PART 1 : IN -TEXT CITATION Norris (2002, p.340) explained that the reigns are selected because they appear to represent three significant stages in an uneven but visible evolution from 16th- century communication practices toward recognizably modern ones. The reigns are selected because they appear to represent three significant stages in an uneven but visible evolution from 16th-century communication practices toward recognizably modern ones (Norris 2002, p.340). STYLE 1 STYLE 2 EXAMPLES

9. Wood, J.T. (2012) Communication in our lives. 6th ed. California : Wadsworth. PART 2 : REFERENCING GUIDE BOOK Author(s), Initials. (Year) Title of book. Edition (only include this if not the first edition). Place of publication : Publisher. Italic REFERENCING

10. PART 2 : REFERENCING GUIDE JOURNAL ARTICLE Author(s), Initials. (Year) ‘Title of article’, Name of journal, Volume number (Issue/Part number), page numbers. Murdock, G. (2010) ‘Shifting anxieties, altered media: risk communication in networked times’, Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 2(2), pp. 156- 176. REFERENCING

11. PART 2 : REFERENCING GUIDE ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLE Author(s), Initials., (Year) ‘Title of article’, Name of Journal, Volume number (Issue/Part number), page numbers, Name of Collection [Online]. Available at: URL(Accessed: date) Murdock, G., 2010, ‘Shifting anxieties, altered media: risk communication in networked times’, Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 2(2),156-176, JSTOR [Online]. Available at: http://www.catalanjournal.co./34534 (Accessed: 19 September 2013) REFERENCING

12. PART 2 : REFERENCING GUIDE WEBSITE Authorship or Source (Year) Title of web document or web page. Available at: include web site address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator) (Accessed date). NHS Evidence (2003) National Library of Guidelines. Available at: http://www.library.nhs.uk/guidelinesFinder (Accessed: 19 September 2013). REFERENCING

13. PART 2 : REFERENCING GUIDE ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA OR DICTIONARIES Author, Initial(s) Year of publication, 'Title of entry', in Editor's Initial(s) Surname (ed./eds), Title of encyclopedia, Edition (if not the first), Volume number (if any), Publisher, Place of publication, page numbers. Meadows, M 2011, 'Indigenous media (Australia)', in JDH Downing (ed.), Encyclopedia of social movement media, 2 nd ed, SAGE Publications, Los Angeles, pp. 247-250 REFERENCING

14. PART 2 : REFERENCING GUIDE NEWSPAPER Article author(s), year, article title, full newspaper title with capital first letters, day, month, page or pages. PAYNE, Stewart and LIGHTFOOT, Liz (2006). No need to turn up at 24-hour school. The Daily Telegraph, 25 September, 1, 4. REFERENCING

15. BOOK Step1 : Identify following information from the book verso page: 1.Authors 2.Title and subtitle 3.Edition 4.Publisher 5.Place of publication 6.Year of publication PART 3 : STEP BY STEP GUIDE

16. PART 3 : STEP BY STEP GUIDE (BOOK) Author Book title Edition Publisher

17. PART 3 : STEP BY STEP GUIDE (BOOK) Publisher Place of publication Year of publication

18. ONLINE JOURNAL Step1 : Identify following information from the online journal: 1.Authors 2.Year of publication 3.Article title and subtitle 4.Journal title 5.Volume 6.issue 7.Page number 8.D.O.I or URL PART 3 : STEP BY STEP GUIDE

19. Author`s name Article title Year of publication Page number Volume Issue D.O.I

20. PART 3 : STEP BY STEP GUIDE Journal title