1. Chapter 28: The Cold War and the American Dream Section 1: Peacetime Adjustments and the Cold War

2. After WWII – the nations economy boomed People were starting families and buying new homes. People were starting families and buying new homes. People wanted new things – and had plenty of money to spend. People wanted new things – and had plenty of money to spend. Inflation (7/9) hit the country. Inflation (7/9) hit the country. (when prices rise quickly) (when prices rise quickly)

3. Also after the war – the number of marriages increased Meaning more babies and more families needing homes. Meaning more babies and more families needing homes.

4. Levittowns: William Levitt was a man who had a plan for building lots of houses quickly.

9. During the war many people made sacrifices – including people with jobs Unions had agreed to help the war effort by agreeing to have their pay frozen and agreeing to not go on strike. Unions had agreed to help the war effort by agreeing to have their pay frozen and agreeing to not go on strike. When the war was over they began to demand better pay. When the war was over they began to demand better pay.

10. 1946 was one of the biggest strike years in U.S. History Automobile, steel, meat packing, electrical, miners, railway workers… Automobile, steel, meat packing, electrical, miners, railway workers… President Truman even had to threaten to use the army to run the railroads. President Truman even had to threaten to use the army to run the railroads.

11. African Americans were still excluded from prosperity and full equality In the South little had changed. In the South little had changed. Many African Americans who wanted to vote were threatened, fired, and even murdered. Many African Americans who wanted to vote were threatened, fired, and even murdered. President Truman knew it was bad – he ordered a special commission on civil rights. President Truman knew it was bad – he ordered a special commission on civil rights. He also ended racial segregation (14/15) in the army (separation of races) He also ended racial segregation (14/15) in the army (separation of races) Truman was the first president to make civil rights a national issue. Truman was the first president to make civil rights a national issue.

12. After WWII there were conflicts with the Soviet Union At the end of the war, each side distrusted each other more and more. At the end of the war, each side distrusted each other more and more. Americans really grew suspicious of the Soviets when they began occupying several Eastern European countries. Americans really grew suspicious of the Soviets when they began occupying several Eastern European countries. The U.S. felt they were trying to spread communism around the world (more about communism on an extra page in our packets) The U.S. felt they were trying to spread communism around the world (more about communism on an extra page in our packets)

13. The tensions between the two sides (that lasted for decades) came to be known as:

14. In a visit to the U.S. The Prime Minister of Great Britain (Winston Churchill) warned the world of the Soviets.

15. President Truman’s did not want to go to war against the Soviets over communism We just finished a war. We just finished a war. His plan was to try and stop communism from spreading to new areas. His plan was to try and stop communism from spreading to new areas. He called his plan containment (26/31) He called his plan containment (26/31) (Keeping something under control and stopping it from spreading). (Keeping something under control and stopping it from spreading). He also used the Truman Doctrine (37) – which promised U.S. aid to countries resisting threats to democracy. He also used the Truman Doctrine (37) – which promised U.S. aid to countries resisting threats to democracy.

16. Some nations also formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO - 27) To keep an organized and united eye on the Soviets To keep an organized and united eye on the Soviets

17. Since we had NATO – the Russians and their friends formed the Warsaw Pact (28) “A mutual defense Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance” “A mutual defense Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance”

18. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill said it was “as if an iron curtain (29) had descended across the continent” These are also sometimes called satellite nations (30)

20. Also to help stop the threat of communism: The United States came up with the Marshall Plan (33) which was to give money and help to re- build Europe after WWII. The United States came up with the Marshall Plan (33) which was to give money and help to re- build Europe after WWII.

21. And, after the war, Germany had been divided into 4 zones France, Great Britain, and the U.S each had one (they combined theirs), and the Russians had a zone. France, Great Britain, and the U.S each had one (they combined theirs), and the Russians had a zone. The Russians wanted to keep all 4 zones from hooking up again (and getting a strong Germany again), so they blocked any of the others from coming into their zone. The Russians wanted to keep all 4 zones from hooking up again (and getting a strong Germany again), so they blocked any of the others from coming into their zone. They even built a wall – in Berlin. They even built a wall – in Berlin. The U.S plan to get supplies to these people was called: the Berlin Airlift (36) The U.S plan to get supplies to these people was called: the Berlin Airlift (36)

22. There was a group of people that were afraid ideas of communism may spread to the United States They were worried some people might even be spies for Russia. They were worried some people might even be spies for Russia. There even were two trials where people were accused of being spies. There even were two trials where people were accused of being spies. One was with Alger Hiss – who was accused of passing military secrets to the Soviets (found guilty – 5 years in prison) One was with Alger Hiss – who was accused of passing military secrets to the Soviets (found guilty – 5 years in prison)

23. The other trial was with Ethyl and Julius Rosenberg They were members of the American Communist Party. They were members of the American Communist Party. Convicted of selling nuclear secrets to the Soviets. Convicted of selling nuclear secrets to the Soviets. Were executed – the only time that’s happened in our country’s history Were executed – the only time that’s happened in our country’s history

24. Even government workers had to undergo “loyalty” checks Some people even lost their jobs because of these checks. Some people even lost their jobs because of these checks. Even the movie industry was looking for communists or people with suspected communist ties. Even the movie industry was looking for communists or people with suspected communist ties. Many people were put on blacklists (42/43) and their careers were ruined. Many people were put on blacklists (42/43) and their careers were ruined. (Secret lists of who employers should not hire) (Secret lists of who employers should not hire)