1. THE COLD WAR

2. Period of time from 1945-1989 Political strain between the US and Soviet Union New Foreign Policy: “Containment”-stop the spread of Communism at all costs George Kennan Fall 1945-Establishment of United Nations

3. POST WAR EASTERN EUROPE Elections were manipulated by Soviets By 1948, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania had become Communist nations Known as “Satellites”-nations under the control of a greater power U.S and Great Britain saw this as a violation to the peace terms accepted during Yalta and Potsdam Conferences

4. Post War Germany Divided into four sections each given to an allied power; France, England, US, and Soviet Union France, England and US combined their areas-West Germany-Democratic Soviet Union-East Germany-Communist Berlin also divided into East and West

5. Containment in Europe Communist revolts in Greece and Turkey Truman Doctrine March 1947 US sent $400 million in economic and military aid to assist the free people in Greece and Turkey Later expanded to any area threatened by Communism

6. Marshall Plan (1948) Europe in ruins- fear of people turning to communism Sec of State-George Marshall proposes The “European recovery plan”- sent $12 billion to countries in western Europe over a 4 year period Offered to USSR & East Europe-they declined

7. Election 1948 Truman-unpopular Why? Republican nominee- Thomas Dewey Gov. of New York So confident, he didn’t personally campaign Democrats split- Conservatives-Truman Liberal- Henry Wallace Southern (Dixiecrats)- J. Strom Thurmond

8. Election 1948 Truman tours country-”Give ‘em hell” speeches Very close race Newspapers printed headline-”Dewey Defeats Truman” (famous picture) Truman won 303- 189 in the electoral college

9. Truman’s Fair Deal Series of Reform programs National Health Care, Aid to Education, Civil Rights, Workers Rights, Farm help Congress blocked all except minimum wage Increased wage from 40 to 75 cents per hour Why?

10. COLD WAR-ALLIANCES 1949-North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-12 nations including US 1955-Warsaw Pact-Alliance of Eastern European Communist Nations including the Soviet Union

11. Berlin Crisis June 1948 Soviets cut off all land access to Berlin Truman ordered plans to drop supplies and food into West Berlin B-29 bombers accompanied supply planes for protection Called the “Berlin Airlift” Soviets opened up Berlin in May 1949

12. China Revolution Chiang Kai-shek- Nationalist Party Mao Zedong- Communist Party Begin Civil War Truman sent Marshall in1946 to work out a compromise-failed 1948- Congress sent $400 million to Nationalists-80% fell to the Communists

13. China Revolution 1949-All main land China in hands of Communists Nationalists fled to Formosa (Taiwan) Kai-Shek created government called Nationalist China-claimed to be the only Chinese government-recognized by US and Western Allies Refused to recognize the new People’s Republic of China

14. Korean War After WWII-Korea divided at the 38 th parallel North given to Soviets, South given to US 1949-Both armies pulled out-giving Korea independence June 1950-North Korean army invades South Korea

15. Korean War Truman asks the United Nations to send a military force-mostly US troops General Douglas MacArthur commander of expedition Congress declares this a “police action” not a war Nov. 1950-”Mainland” China sends troops to help the North Koreans

16. Korean War MacArthur calls for the bombing and invasion of China Truman decides against this action MacArthur calls Truman a coward April 1951-MacArthur is dishonorably discharged July 1951-Peace talks begin 1953-Armistice-no treaty Korea remains divided 54,000 Americans died