1. Chapter 27 The Age of Containment, 1946- 1954 © 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved.

2. Creating a National Security State, 1945-1949 Alliance between Soviet Union and US was based solely defeat of Axis powers Relations between the two countries descended into suspicion and growing tensions (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

3. Onset of the Cold War Division in Europe - capitalism vs. communism Stalin & communism Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech (1946) “An iron curtain has descended across the continent, dividing Germany and Europe into two hostile camps.” (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

4. Division in Europe

5. Truman’s National Security Policy In response, US passes Truman Doctrine (1947) -US would provide money to nations threatened by communism -policy of “containment” -Like a single rotten apple in a barrel of fresh

6. Truman’s Policy “Unless the US aided countries who are resisting attempted subversion by armed minorities or by outside pressures, communism would spread around the world and threaten the security of the US.” -Later referred to as the “Domino Effect”

7. Marshall Plan & Nat’l Security Act Marshall Plan (1947) -Provide 13 billion for Europe’s recovery -Goal- to fight hunger & poverty -US belief National Security Act (1947) –Department of Defense –Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

8. Truman Desegregates US Army (1948)

9. Bi-polar World key events occurred in 1949 1) China goes Communist - must halt further communist expansion in region 2) Soviet’s test 1 st nuclear bomb - end of US nuclear monopoly 3) US & 10 European countries form NATO 4) West Germany created Other events Warsaw Pact signed (1955)

10. The Korean War Era, 1950- 1953 Cold war crises erupted and led to warfare in Korea (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

11. The Korean War Korea divided after WWII - North & South Korea June 25, 1950 N. Korea (80k) attacks S. Korea - reached southern tip of peninsula

12. (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved Korean War

13. The Korean War UN takes action Truman orders military support - naval landing at Inchon / cut off North US success / Truman’s crucial decision Chinese intervention MacArthur fired (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

14. Korean War Ceasefire (1953) / stalemate 4 million deaths (US lost 36k) no peace treaty signed

15. McCarthyism Joseph McCarthy (Senator – Wisconsin) –“McCarthyism” –Claimed hundreds of communists at work within the government –Accusations lacked merit (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

16. Jackie Robinson and the Baseball “Color Line” Jackie Robinson (1947) –Brooklyn Dodgers –National League Rookie of the Year (1947) (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

17. From Truman to Eisenhower Truman declines to run in 1952 Democrats on the defensive (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

18. The Election of 1952 Republican ticket: Dwight D. Eisenhower & Richard Nixon –Criticized Truman’s handling of Korean War –“Korea, corruption, and communism” (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved

19. 34 th president of US D-Day (1944) NATO (1949) Ended Korean War Interstate system Space Race Dwight Eisenhower

20. Conclusion Domestic and foreign policies were dominated by containment of communism Government power expanded Republicans gain control of White House for the first time in 20 years (c) 2003 Wadsworth Group All rights reserved