1. Proposal to Reduce Idling Emissions from On-Road Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles Public Workshop March 23, 2005 El Monte, CA California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board

2. 2 Agenda Background –Why reduce idling emissions? –Existing measures Proposed Concepts Schedule Discussion

3. 3 Why Reduce Idling? Heavy-duty diesel vehicle (HDDV) idling emissions are significant. –2010 Statewide inventory from HDDVs (GVWR > 14K lbs): NOx  35 tpd 1 (~8% of total NOx exhaust from HDDVs) Reduced NOx emissions - a precursor to ozone Reduced exposure to diesel PM and other toxics Important to achieving air quality goals (SIP) Environmental justice Availability of alternative technologies Cost effective and comparable to other mobile source measures 1 California registered only and does not include school buses, transit buses or motorhomes.

4. 4 Emissions Impact Preliminary Estimates (tons/day) Estimated Statewide Idling Emissions (tons/day) 1 California-Registered Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles 1 Does not include reductions from existing idling measures.

5. 5 Emissions Impact Preliminary Estimates (tons/day) Out-of-State Registered HDDVs (GVWR > 33,000 lbs.) Assumptions: Average Idle Time: Sleeper: 6 hours/day; Non sleeper: 41 minutes/day 90% of total out-of-state registered vehicles have sleepers All of the out-of state registered vehicles are 15 years old or newer.

6. 6 Existing Measures School Bus Idling (13 CCR 2480) –Limits idling to a maximum of 5 minutes Commercial Heavy-Duty Diesel Fueled Vehicle Idling (13 CCR 2485 ) –Limits idling to a maximum of 5 minutes –Applies to vehicles with GVWR > 10,000 lbs. –Exception: vehicles with sleeper berths

7. 7 Proposed Requirements New Engine/Vehicle Requirements In-Use Vehicle Requirements –Modification of 13 CCR 2485 (rule adopted in July of 2004

8. 8 Proposed New Engine/Vehicle Requirements Applicability: –2008+ MY engines, GVWR > 14,000 lbs Proposed Requirement –Automatic idle shutdown system shuts down the engine after 5 minutes of idling tamper-resistant and non-programmable Optional Requirement –Certify engine to a NOx idling emission standard not to exceed 30 g/hour during all idling operations - (low and high engine idle speeds under load) –Affix a label to the outside of the vehicle cab indicating that the engine meets the standard

9. 9 Proposed New Engine/Vehicle Requirements APU Requirements (for use with 2008+ MY engines) –Engine manufacturers producing an integrated APU/engine system must control PM emissions by: routing APU exhaust through the main engine PM filter, or having a PM trap on the APU (Level 3 verified trap efficiency of 85% from Tier 4 level) –Aftermarket APU for use with 2007+ MY engines comply with a verification procedure that would require the use of CA certified APUs. –Affix a label to the outside of the vehicle cab indicating that the engine is equipped with an integrated APU system or the APU has a Level 3 verified PM trap.

10. 10 Proposed New Engine/Vehicle Requirements Vehicle Manufacturer Requirements –Vehicle Manufacturers responsible for the design and control of vehicle idle control would also need to comply with idle shutdown requirements. –Vehicle Manufacturers would also be required to affix the appropriate labels to the outside of the vehicles that meet the optional new engine requirements or those equipped with an integrated engine/APU system or level 3 verified APU system.

11. 11 Proposed In-Use Vehicle Requirements Change applicability of 13 CCR 2485 –Apply the 5-minute idling limit requirement to all heavy-duty diesel vehicles statewide including those with sleepers and out-of-state registered vehicles, and all model years starting in Calendar Year 2008. APU Requirements –MY 2006 and older vehicles can operate a California/ federal certified APU system or an APU system that meets the low PM requirements. –Vehicles equipped with 2007+ MY engines may operate only an APU system that meets the low PM requirements.

12. 12 Technology Feasibility Automatic idle shutdown system –existing in modern electronic engines Lower NOx idling emission Standard –aftertreatment NOx control (?) –cylinder deactivation –operational controls APU –Diesel APU may need active PM regeneration or integrating engine/APU exhaust system –Battery based –Fuel cell based

13. 13 Other Options Fuel-fired heaters Truck stop electrification –Plug-in only –Full service Cold storage

14. 14 Emission Reductions New Engine/Vehicle Requirements 2010 Statewide Emission Benefits (tons/day) Assumptions:Assumptions: Percent of heavy-heavy duty vehicles with sleeper berth = 20%Percent of heavy-heavy duty vehicles with sleeper berth = 20% –(based on 2002 VIUS database and input from several manufacturers) Medium-heavy and heavy-heavy duty vehicles without sleeper berths will be equipped with idle shutdown systemMedium-heavy and heavy-heavy duty vehicles without sleeper berths will be equipped with idle shutdown system Heavy-heavy duty vehicles with sleeper berth will use CA compliant APU system (additional PM control from Tier 4 level)Heavy-heavy duty vehicles with sleeper berth will use CA compliant APU system (additional PM control from Tier 4 level) Average Idle Time: Medium heavy = 17 min/day; Non sleeper = 41 min/day;Average Idle Time: Medium heavy = 17 min/day; Non sleeper = 41 min/day; Sleepers = 6 hours/day

15. 15 Emission Reductions Pre-2008 California-Registered Sleeper Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles 2010 Statewide Emission Benefits (tons/day) Assumptions:Assumptions: Percent of heavy-heavy duty vehicles with sleeper berth = 20%Percent of heavy-heavy duty vehicles with sleeper berth = 20% –(based on 2002 VIUS database and input from several manufacturers) Pre-2007 sleeper heavy-heavy duty vehicles will use a diesel APU certified to Tier 4 off-road standardsPre-2007 sleeper heavy-heavy duty vehicles will use a diesel APU certified to Tier 4 off-road standards Average idle time: Sleeper=6 hours/dayAverage idle time: Sleeper=6 hours/day

16. 16 Emission Reductions Out-of-State Registered Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (GVWR > 33,000 lbs) 2010 Statewide Emission Benefits (tons/day) Assumptions:Assumptions: 90% of total out-of-state vehicles are sleepers90% of total out-of-state vehicles are sleepers All of out-of-state vehicles are 15 years old or newerAll of out-of-state vehicles are 15 years old or newer Compliance = 100%Compliance = 100% Pre-2007 Sleeper vehicles will use an APU certified to Tier 4 off-road standards.Pre-2007 Sleeper vehicles will use an APU certified to Tier 4 off-road standards. 2007 to 2010 sleeper heavy-duty diesel vehicles will use CA compliant APUs.2007 to 2010 sleeper heavy-duty diesel vehicles will use CA compliant APUs.

17. 17 Emission Reductions Total CY 2010 Statewide Emission Benefits from the Proposed Rule (tpd)

18. 18 Cost Effectiveness Vehicle Engine –Idle hours/year 2180 –Fuel Consumption (gal/hour) 1 –Average Fuel Cost ($/gal) 2.18 Diesel APU –Cost ($)10,000 –Fuel Consumption (gal/hour) 0.2 –Average Fuel Cost ($/gal) 2.18 Pay back period (years) 2.6

19. 19 Schedule Staff report and draft regulatory language: May 2005 Board hearing: July 21-22, 2005.

20. 20 Contact information Stephan Lemieux (626) 450-6162;Stephan Lemieux (626) 450-6162; e-mail: slemieux@arb.ca.gov Daniel Hawelti - (626) 450-6149;Daniel Hawelti - (626) 450-6149; e-mail: dhawelti@arb.ca.gov HDDV Idling Emission Reduction Listserve: http://www.arb.ca.gov/listserv/truck-idling/truck- idling.htmHDDV Idling Emission Reduction Listserve: http://www.arb.ca.gov/listserv/truck-idling/truck- idling.htm HDDV Idling Emission Reduction Program Websites: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/truck-idling/truck- idling.htmHDDV Idling Emission Reduction Program Websites: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/truck-idling/truck- idling.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/idling/idling.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/sbidling/sbidling.htm