1. Data-driven and Physically-based Models for Characterization of Processes in Hydrology, Hydraulics, Oceanography and Climate Change 6 - 28 Jan 2008 by Ming-Ming Wang, Ph.D. student Dr. Yu-Wen Zhou, Professor Development of Integrated Models for Urban Drainage Systems Data-driven and Physically-based Models for Characterization of Processes in Hydrology, Hydraulics, Oceanography and Climate Change 6 - 28 Jan 2008 NUS, IMS

2. Institute for Mathematical Sciences (IMS) Singapore - Delft Water Alliance (SDWA) Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI) Pacific Institute for Mathematical Sciences (PIMS) Acknowledge This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50678009)

3. Background Integrated model framework Modeling Popular GIS software packages Popular model software packages Design of storm sewer system Conclusion Discussion Contents

4. Background urban sewer system Receivingriver Treatmentplant

5. Background Urbanisation is a significant global trend not only calls for new sewer system, but stresses existing urban sewer system.

6. Background January 3, 2006 Sewage pipes emergency in Beijing East Third Ring Road Road collapse

7. Sudden heavy storm July 10, 2004 Background - Climate Change strongest storm in a decade 111 mm fell on Tiananmen Square The storm started at 4:00 pm and continued for about 3 hours Flooding in Beijing

8. Background - Climate Change Flooding in Beijing Locus Bridge of downtown Beijing the water reached a depth of over 1.5 meters Flooding paralyzes Beijing traffic Highly concerned by Chinese Premier

9. Background - Climate Change Flooding in Beijing Airport Expressway, July 31, 2006

10. 1. Large cities 2. Complex sewer systems 3. Integrated management (Pollution control, stormwater and sewage network management and flood prevention) 4. The need of Decision support online We need integrated complex models, using the advanced technologies (GIS, SCADA, etc.) Background

11. SCADA system GIS Model Presentation of drainage system and provides information Presentation of drainage system and provides information Simulation and assessment of drainage system SYSTEM INTEGRATION DATABASE The framework of integrated model Monitoring of drainage system performances Monitoring of drainage system performances

12. Popular GIS software packages used in China ESRI ArcGIS MapInfo MapGIS

13. ArcGIS

14. MapInfo

15. MAPGIS Underground pipeline networks management system

16. Popular model software packages used in China US EPA DHI Bentley Wallingford

17. SWMM

18. Mike Urban

19. SewerGEMS

20. Infoworks CS

21. Storm Process of Storm to sewer network Catchment Sewer Hydrological model hydraulic model

22. Rainfall Effective rainfall Inflow hydrograph of the inlet Outflow hydrograph of sewer system Losses model unit hydrograph Non-steady flow hydraulics numerical solutions Modeling of Storm sewer system

23. Design of Storm sewer system Design storms are routinely used for designing storm sewer system. A design storm is a hypothetical storm with specific duration D and return period T. The information of design storms is conveniently presented in the form of depth-duration-frequency (DDF) curves or intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves.

24. Design of Storm sewer system storm sewer system without storage facilities storm sewer system with storage facilities Need peak flow Rational method: Q p =CiA Need flow hydrograph Data need: Design storm with time distribution Data need: Design storm

25. Difference Spatial scaleTemporal scale River/watershed hydrology largeyear, day, hour Urban hydrology relative smallday, hour, minute Rainfall data in China

26. Department of hydrology rainfall data resolution hour, day, year Rainfall data in China Department of urban drainage rainfall data resolution minute, hour, day

27. Rainfall data resolution day Published rainfall data resolution hour, minute ? ? Design storm With time distribution Storm pattern

28. Chicago storm Intensity-Duration-Frequency relationship In China, duration 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120min

29. Storm pattern a 25-year, 24-hour duration rainfall 10.01in SCS Type-III storm in Harris County using a one-hour time increment SCS storm pattern example

30. storm pattern Department of hydrology in China Typical storm method Downscaling method Daily GCMs to sub-daily precipitation 5-min to 1 hour 1 hour to 1-day Professor Van-Thanh-Van Nguyen

31. Water resources problem in China Too little water Too much water Polluted water increased frequencies or magnitudes of floods. Water shortage The discharges of wastewater by industry and households have considerable detrimental effects on water quality and on public and ecosystem health.

32. temporary storing of stormwater, reduce flow peaks, reduce the pipe size of downstream reduce runoff pollution rainwater reuse The rainwater tank as a runoff control measure is widely used. Flood control & pollution control

33. Flood control & rainwater reuse

34. Current storage volume calculation in China V = (1- α ) 1.5 × Q max × t c Storage volume of detention tank where V ——storage volume （ m 3 ）； Q max ——design peak flow of upstream pipe （ m 3 /s ）； t c ——duration of Q max （ s ）； α ——coefficient, α =Q max /Q downstream Storage volume of rainwater tank

35. Tank volume Inflow hydrograph discharge Q time t Calculation of detention tank for flood control fed downstream after the end of storm event volume fed downstream during storm event reduce flow peaks

36. Calculation of stormwater tank to capture the first flush Tank volume Inflow hydrograph the first flush discharge Q time t Usually the stormwater that initially runs off an area will be more polluted than the stormwater that runs off later, after the rainfall has 'cleansed' the catchment. The stormwater containing this high initial pollutant load is called the 'first flush'. reduce runoff pollution

37. Calculation of stormwater tank to capture the first flush storage volume rainfall datawater quality data stormwater tank temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity, suspended solid (SS), turbidity, alkalinity, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD Mn ), total hardness, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, sulfate, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn Monitoring water quality

38. Calculation of stormwater tank to rainwater reuse Tank volume Inflow hydrograph discharge Q time t Rainwater reuse

39. Tank volume V 1 Inflow hydrograph Tank volume V 2 Inflow hydrograph Tank volume V 3 Inflow hydrograph Stormwater tank with multi-function (flood control, pollution control, rainwater reuse) Storage volume=max{V 1,V 2,V 3 }

40. The aim of this work is only to provide the method for design of the storm sewer system with storage facilities in China. The Storage volume calculation method of stormwater tank with multi-function(flood control, pollution control, rainwater reuse) is provided for China. Conclusion

41. Discussion Downscaling method Daily GCMs to sub-daily precipitation 5-min to 1 hour 1 hour to 1-day River/watershed hydrology River/watershed hydrology urban hydrology urban hydrology River/watershed hydrology River/watershed hydrology urban hydrology urban hydrology Sub-daily to daily precipitation 5-min to 2 hour 2 hour to 1-day Large Small Time (hour) Rainfall(mm) 12245min Downscaling

42. Tank volume V2 Inflow hydrograph Stormwater tank with multi-function (flood control, pollution control, rainwater reuse) How to operate ? Monitoring water quality Tank volume V 3 Inflow hydrograph First flush diverter

43. Tank volume V 1 Inflow hydrograph Stormwater tank with multi-function (flood control, pollution control, rainwater reuse) How to operate ? Modeling of sewer network Storms with return period 2yr, 5yr, 10yr… Outflow of outlet Water level of outlet Overflow weir to the tank IF network overflow Get the storm with return period Before this storm Empty the tank setting

44. Thank you Acknowledge