1. ADA Technologies, Inc. Stabilization of Mercury and Mercury Containing Waste Cliff Brown / Tom Broderick ADA Technologies, Inc. Carl Ragan Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. Breaking the Mercury Cycle: Long Term Management of Surplus, Recycled Mercury & Mercury Bearing Waste Boston, MA May 1-3, 2002

2. ADA Technologies, Inc. Presentation Outline  Regulatory Framework  Background & Related Work  Elemental Mercury Treatment  >260 mg/kg Waste Treatment  Summary

3. ADA Technologies, Inc. Two Classes of Mercury Contaminated Waste to be Addressed Mercury Content <260 mg/kg>260 mg/kgElemental Must pass TCLP Treatment Standard = Retort & Amalgamation Of Condensates Candidate for Direct Stabilization Treatment Standard = Amalgamation Focus for Presentation

4. ADA Technologies, Inc. ADA Mercury Control Technologies TechnologyGasLiquidSolid Disposable sorbentXX Regenerable sorbentXX Photocatalyst X Amalg./Stabilization XX+ Red: Current Research & Development Project Blue: Pilot Demonstration Green: Commercial Product Media

5. ADA Technologies, Inc. Mercury Related Work Ongoing at ADA since 1992 System: 10ft 3 mix skid designed, constructed & installed jointly by ADA and Perma-Fix Technology Licensed to Perma-Fix 2001 MER-01 DOE Contract U.S. Patent 09/258,659ADA Internal FundsElemental Hg Waste Funding Vehicle Products

6. ADA Technologies, Inc. Mercury Related Work Ongoing at ADA since 1992 (cont.) Application for Variance to be submitted to U.S. EPA Implementation in 90 ft 3 mixer initially for Storm Sewer Sediment – Normally run >5 ft 3 MER-04 Technology to be licensed to Perma-Fix Internal ADA and Perma-Fix Funds U.S. Patent PendingDOE SBIR (DE-FG03-99ER82722) >260 ppm Hg Waste Funding Vehicle Products

7. ADA Technologies, Inc. Elemental Mercury Stabilization

8. ADA Technologies, Inc. Hg 0 Stabilization Produces Three Potential Products Elemental Hg Reagents & Mixing Primary Product Patented Process Processing System Installed at Perma-Fix M&EC Facility (Addressed in following slides) continued #1

9. ADA Technologies, Inc. Hg 0 Stabilization Produces Three Potential Products (cont.) Reagents & Processing Micro-encapsulated Product Reagents & Processing Advanced Leach Testing Activity Conducted with EPA, DOE, University of Cincinnati continued Macro-encapsulated Product #2 #3

10. ADA Technologies, Inc. Hg 0 Stabilization Unit Designed and Installed at Perma-Fix Facility  Design, construction, acceptance testing in Denver - Shipped Jan. ‘02  System installed and proof tested at M&EC facility in Oak Ridge - March ‘02  First waste to be processed in May ’02  TDEC approved permit modification at Perma-Fix

11. ADA Technologies, Inc. Process is Based on ADA Patent; Meeting Treatment Goals is “Art”

12. ADA Technologies, Inc. Mercury Treatment Skid Installed at Perma-Fix M&EC Facility Oak Ridge, TN

13. ADA Technologies, Inc. Operation produces a free- flowing product (Avg. Diam. 3/8”)

14. ADA Technologies, Inc. Summary of Results Analytical LANL WasteFernald WasteDemo Run Test Results #1 Results Mercury (TCLP)0.048 mg/L0.039 mg/L0.016 mg/L Free Liquid byno free liquids Paint Filter pH, Saturated8.211.910.2 Paste Cyanide, totalNon-detect Sulfide, reactive0.3 mg/kg52 mg/kg -- Mercury Vapor<0.050 Conc. (mg/m 3 )

15. ADA Technologies, Inc. Summary  Patented process produces mercury sulfide that meets the TCLP limit for mercury  If the cost/benefit exists, process can be tailored to produce waste form with increased pH stability  Process equipment is installed and ready for operation  Perma-Fix operators have been trained to run equipment  ADA personnel will be at Perma-Fix for first elemental mercury treatment run this spring

16. ADA Technologies, Inc. Treatment of >260 ppm Mercury Material

17. ADA Technologies, Inc. Mercury Stabilization for Granular Matrices with >260 ppm Mercury Contamination  Significant modification of process for elemental mercury  Multiple funding sources  Process demonstrated with wide variety of materials –Surrogate sludges with / without iron –Surrogate soils spiked with Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb –Storm Sewer Sediment (BSSS)  Must be fine-tuned to specific contents of waste stream

18. ADA Technologies, Inc. Stabilization of Oak Ridge Storm Sewer Sediment  BSSS inventory in Oak Ridge approximately 235,000 kg; much of this contaminated with mercury  Variance being pursued to treat this material via direct stabilization  Treatability studies have verified treatment approach

19. ADA Technologies, Inc. Characterization of BSSS Hazardous Constituent Average Conc. (ppm) Total Organic Carbon21,000 PCB (Total)20 Cyanide (Total)0.1 Mercury14,600 * * Highest Mercury Conc. Detected, 55,900 ppm

20. ADA Technologies, Inc. Characterization of BSSS (cont.)

21. ADA Technologies, Inc. Process Summary  Four step process: Pretreatment Sulfurization Neutralization Granulation  Test matrix evaluated: Reagent cocktail composition Reducing agents Neutralizing agents

22. ADA Technologies, Inc. BSSS-1 Lab Mixer & Samples Before After

23. ADA Technologies, Inc. Treatability Study Results

24. ADA Technologies, Inc. Planned Operation at Perma-Fix

25. ADA Technologies, Inc. BSSS-1 Full-Scale Mixer at M&EC

26. ADA Technologies, Inc. Conclusions & Path Forward  Treatability study has identified formulation that meets Hg UTS (0.025 mg/L)  Finish testing alternate treatment recipes  Finalize treatment protocol and variance application  Submit application to U.S. EPA for approval  Install full-scale treatment equipment  Start scale-up mixes w/ surrogate material  Start treatment of BSSS-1 material in 2002