1. What does a planner, architect, land surveyor or civil engineer see when she or he looks at a street? Dave James, PhD PE Brook Demitropoulos, PE Alan Riekki, PLS

2. A lot of things that are hidden! We call the hidden things “infrastructure” and we need it all to stay alive, healthy and safe. Ready for a tour? Infrastructure is “basic physical and organizational structure and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise”

3. Here’s an example – storm and sanitary sewers Source: http://www.lvstormwater.com/thesystem.htmhttp://www.lvstormwater.com/thesystem.htm

4. Normal street view- above ground infrastructure – streets, traffic signals & power lines This is what you see when you ride around in a car, van or bus

5. Below the street view – we “see” below-ground utility infrastructure Green coded storm sewer is an example of infrastructure.

6. Why do we need this stuff? A city is a collection of living beings (humans, plants and animals) that in some way functions like a very large organism like a living thing, it needs – Supplies of water, energy and nutrients, – ways to communicate amongst its parts and – Ways to eliminate wastes

7. Sound pretty boring? Yes, that’s what it’s supposed to be If a city is well designed, constructed and maintained, it’s like an Apple product. It “just works” and no one notices? It is boring! However.. If it doesn’t, (anyone been to a 3 rd world city?) or when it is destroyed, Eg Hurricane Sandy in 2012, 2011 Japan Earthquake & Tsunami, 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2010 Haiti earthquake things can get very bad very fast.

8. 11 March 2011 Fukushima-Daiichi damage – much of infrastructure is gone http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2010/01/15/articl e-1243540-07DCFE9B000005DC- 496_964x659.jpg http://cultureinasia.blogspot.com/2012/03/filipinos-noynoying-are-huge.html#.U59Lx_ldVik

9. 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake aftermath – structures and infrastructure destroyed Source: http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2010/01/15/article-1243540-07DCFE9B000005DC-496_964x659.jpghttp://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2010/01/15/article-1243540-07DCFE9B000005DC-496_964x659.jpg

10. It’s easiest to visualize infrastructure using maps Example, major streets and freeways. From: http://www.aaroads.com/west/las_vegas.htmlhttp://www.aaroads.com/west/las_vegas.html

11. Well.. Maybe it’s not so boring A lot of the effort that goes into planning, designing, building, operating and maintaining infrastructure is actually pretty cool! These days,.. There’s an app for everything Including sewers!

12. When we look underground - Apps come to infrastructure visualization! – showing sewer lines and manholes in streets Washed out light yellow code is sanitary sewer. Green is storm sewer

13. Let’s look at two utilities.. Drinking water and sewer http://cenews.com/article/8902/las_vegas__treasure_acute__map Note: Water line crosses above sewer line, so if sewer leaks, it misses water line!

14. If we added in power (red) and storm water (green) Bright yellow is gas. Blue is drinking water. The lines are at different depths under the street

15. General street subsurface cross section http://visual.merriam-webster.com/society/city/cross-section-street/cross-section-street.php

16. Detailed, dimensionally correct cross section – Berlin, Germany – 1896 - 118 years ago! Note, many utilities are under the sidewalks! http://www.sewerhistory.org/grfx/wh_region/germany1.htm

17. An intersection with infrastructure crossing over each other Bright yellow – Gas line; Pale Yellow – sanitary sewer Red – power; Green – stormwater; Blue-drinking water

18. You can see the utilities crossing over each other – here’s what it really looks like! Source: http://cenews.com/article/8257/unweaving-tangled-webshttp://cenews.com/article/8257/unweaving-tangled-webs

19. If we were to make all the visible ground level features (streets, buildings) transparent this is what would be left that we would see Do you recognize everything now? Oh, what are the red poles? (note: pink cylinders are test holes cut to verify the location of utilities!)

20. To learn more, See this hyperlink: http://geospatial.blogs.com/geospatial/2013/ 04/spar-2013-developing-an-intelligent-3d- model-of-above-and-below-ground- infrastructure-for-the-city-o.html http://geospatial.blogs.com/geospatial/2013/ 04/spar-2013-developing-an-intelligent-3d- model-of-above-and-below-ground- infrastructure-for-the-city-o.html

21. How about street lights? See this link: http://www.gelighting.com/LightingWeb/na/c ase-studies/las-vegas.jsp http://www.gelighting.com/LightingWeb/na/c ase-studies/las-vegas.jsp

22. And this image, as an example

23. Let’s look at a REALLY BIG new project - CrossRail Basic information about CrossRail – see here: http://www.crossrail.co.uk/ To help with the next two videos – let’s see the overall map, here: http://www.crossrail.co.uk/route/maps/regio nal-map http://www.crossrail.co.uk/route/maps/regio nal-map

24. Here’s a video clip of CrossRail – the largest infrastructure project in Europe http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england- london-27166770 http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england- london-27166770 Sorry, there will be an advertisement first

25. Here’s how high tech is used today to Collect data during infrastructure construction – Again this is CrossRail http://www.bbc.com/news/technology- 27716534 http://www.bbc.com/news/technology- 27716534