1. Section #2: Changing Population Trends
Human Populations
Section #2:
Changing Population Trends

2. Infrastructure
the basic facilities & services that support a community
Example = hospitals, roads, subways, schools, sewer lines, power plants, public water supply, etc.

3. Infrastructure
rapidly growing populations can quickly overwhelm the infrastructure which can lead to various environmental problems to the land, water, & air, overcrowding, & suburban sprawl

4. Rapid Growth
people are using resources faster than the environment can replace them
vegetation, water & land are the most critically affected

5. Rapid Growth

6. Fuelwood in the poorest countries, wood is still the main fuel source
when population size is low, people can use fallen tree limbs called deadwood
when population size grows, the need for fuel increases to the point where people begin to cut down living trees

7. Shortage of Fuelwood

8. Unsafe Water
one main use for fuelwood is for boiling/sterilizing water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, & bathing
over 1 billion people across the world lack safe drinking water which can spread diseases like dysentery, typhoid, & cholera

9. Areas like the Rio Grande River (US/Mexico border) have no sewage or water treatment & use the river for everything

10. Arable Land land that can be used to grow crops
countries experiencing growth are having shortages of arable land

11. Egypt most of the country is desert
less then 4% is arable (narrow strip along the Nile)
but this is also where the jobs are & where most people want to live
building & development for more people means losing more arable land

12. Limited Arable Land in Egypt is Becoming More Limited

13. Urbanization
worldwide trend where more people are moving to the cities from the rural areas
cities become overcrowded, resources are scarce, population density increases which can lead to easier spread of diseases, infrastructure is inadequate

14. Suburban Sprawl
big problem in the U.S. where people want to work in the city (more jobs, better jobs, better salaries) but want to live in the suburban areas (nice place to raise the family, less crime, lower prices)

15. Suburban Sprawl

16. Categorizing Countries
not every country in the world progresses through the stages of the demographic transition at the same rate or according to the model’s predictions

17. Categorizing Countries
most developed
more developed
developed
less developed
least developed

18. Least Developed Countries
show few to no signs of development
death rates are increasing, plus birth rates are high
given priority for foreign aid & development programs by the United Nations

19. Crowded & Polluted City Bangkok, Thailand

20. Managing Population Growth
Some countries (China, Thailand, India for example) have created campaigns to reduce the fertility rates of their citizens in an attempt to slow population growth
Some campaigns include public advertisements (billboards, magazines, newspapers), family planning programs, economic incentives, or legal punishments

21. Worldwide Trends in Fertility

22. ICPD
the United Nations held the International Conference on Population & Development in 1994
debates were held about the relationships between population, development, & the environment
mainly want to create a plan for stabilizing population growth

23. ICPD Goals for 2015
provide universal access to safe & reliable family-planning methods & related reproductive health services
reduce infant & child mortality rates
reduce maternal mortality, especially in developing countries
increase life expectancy to 75 years
ensure universal access to education (both primary & secondary) for girls

24. The Reality
current worldwide population > than 6 billion (& still increasing)
growth is slowing down
most countries are moving to having replacement level fertility rates which means population growth would eventually stop
projected world population in 2050 = 9 billion