1. Road to Revolution
1754 to 1776

2. A. The French
and Indian War

3. Causes
Land Dispute

4. Different Colonial Societies
Causes
Different Colonial Societies
British
French
Permanent, expanding settlements
Horrible Relationship with Indians
No real communities, mainly forts
Great Relationship with Indians

5. Not the first war fought over N. America
Causes
Differing Religions
British were Protestant
French were Catholic
Not the first war fought over N. America

6. 1754  The First Clash
The Ohio Valley
British
French

7. 1756  War Is Formally Declared
War will become a world war
SEVEN YEAR WAR ( )
Every major European power becomes involved
Will be a MULTI-FRONT war – very costly to fight

8. The Two Sides
French are fighting with most of the Indians (Algonquian & Mohawk) and later Spain
Britain aligns with the Iroquois and the Colonists

9. British-American Colonial Tensions
Colonials
British
Methods of Fighting:
Indian-style guerilla tactics.
March in formation or bayonet charge.
Military Organization:
Col. militias served under own captains.
Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.
Military Discipline:
No mil. deference or protocols observed.
Drills & tough discipline.
Finances:
Resistance to rising taxes.
Colonists should pay for their own defense.
Demeanor:
Casual, non-professionals.
Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

10. Albany Plan of Union (1754)
Ben Franklin  representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA
Albany Congress  was meant to bolster colonial unity

11. Treaty of Paris (1763) Britain Wins the War
France --> lost all land in N. America
Spain --> got all land west of the Mississippi River, but lost Florida to England.
England --> got all French lands in Canada and east of the Mississippi River

12. B. The Effects of
the War

13. Effects on Britain 1. It increased colonial empire in the Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt.
3. England felt that a major reorganization of American Empire was necessary

14. Effects on the American Colonials
1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time.
2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated.
3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

15. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)
Ottawa Indians opposed British expansion
Led by Chief Pontiac
Began to attack British forts in Ohio Valley

16. Proclamation of 1763 Britain wanted to end Native American fighting
Forbade colonists from crossing the Appalachian Mtns.

17. Paxton Boys (PA) will react by attacking Native Americas
Proclamation of 1763
Colonists are FURIOUS
Paxton Boys (PA) will react by attacking Native Americas

18. Rethinking Their Empire
Britain needs to recover its losses from the war
Decided to end Salutary Neglect and finally begin to enforce mercantilist policies and will begin to tax colonists

19. C. Britain reasserts
her AUTHORITY

20. P.M. George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765
1. Sugar Act
2. Currency Act
3. Quartering Act

21. Debate over Representation
Actual vs. Virtual – Colonists wanted Actual, Grenville believed they had virtual
Colonists willing to pay taxes that applied to WHOLE empire
Believed taxes just on them required representation

22. Stamp Act (1765) Tax placed on all printed materials
First direct tax placed just on AMERICAN COLONIES
Intended to help pay for defense costs

23. Virginia Resolves Written by Patrick Henry
Rights of the Colonists were violated
Englishmen had representatives – colonists were denied this
“No taxation without representation”

24. Stamp Act Congress Met in NYC 9 colonies (no NH, VA, NC, or GA)
Wrote Declaration of Rights and Grievances which demanded the tax be repealed
Called for a non-importation of British goods

25. Sons of Liberty Secret organization formed by Samuel Adams
Would tar and feather and harass tax collectors

26. Repeal Violence, boycott, & protests led to the repeal in 1766
Declaratory Act (1766) – declared Parliament had the right to tax the colonists

27. Townshend Act (1767)
Tax placed on glass, white lead, paper, paint, silk, and tea
Also increased custom (tax) collectors

28. Colonial Response
1. John Dickinson  * Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania.
 MA Circular Letter * Written by Samuel Adams * Wanted colonies to pressure Parliament to repeal & boycott
3. Riots against customs agents: * 4000 British troops sent to Boston & legislature dissolved

29. The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)
British troops in Boston are being harassed and fire into the crowd
11 civilians are killed
Labeled a “massacre”

30. Repeal of Townshend Act
Act repealed in 1770 because of boycott & violence
Only remaining tax was on tea

31. Committees of Correspondence
Formed by Samuel Adams
Letters exchanged & published throughout the colonies
Purpose  warn neighboring colonies about incidents with Br. & broaden the resistance movement.

32. Tea Act (1773) British East India Co. is going bankrupt
Colonists have refused to buy tea since Townshend Act
Permitted to sell tea directly to cols. without col. middlemen (cheaper tea)
Parliament expected the cols. to eagerly choose the cheaper tea.

33. Boston Tea Party (December 1773)
Sons of Liberty boarded ships and dumped tea into the harbor

34. The Coercive or Intolerable Acts (1774)
1. Port Bill – closed Boston harbor until reparations made
2. Government Act – King took direct control over MA
3. New Quartering Act – to provide for troops in MA

35. The Quebec Act (1774) Intended to give more freedom to Canadians
Colonists saw it as a threat

36. D. First Continental
Congress

37. Philadelphia (1774) 55 delegates from 12 colonies
Agenda  How to respond to the Coercive Acts & the Quebec Act?
Articles of Association – agreement to boycott & stop exporting goods

39. E. Lexington
& Concord

40. The British Are Coming
April 1775 General Gage ordered to arrest leaders of “rebellion”
Wanted to gain control of gunpowder & weapons
Paul Revere & William Dawes make a midnight ride to warn the Minutemen of marching British soldiers.

41. The Shot Heard ’Round the World!
Lexington & Concord – April 19,1775
73 British & 95 Americans killed
Revolution has begun

42. F. Second
Continental Congress

43. Philadelphia (May 1775) All 13 colonies present
Elect G. Washington head of the army
Wrote Olive Branch Petition
Shift towards independence:
Hessians
Burning of Am. Towns
Br. promised freedom to slaves
Olive Branch Petition

44. Thomas Paine: Common Sense

45. Declaration of Independence (1776)