1. Chapter 18 Section 1 Part 1

2.  Extended control toward Pacific Ocean  American leaders had become convinced that the U.S. should join imperialist powers of Europe to establish colonies overseas  Imperialism – stronger nations extend their economic, political, and military control over weaker territories

3.  European nations established colonies for centuries  Africa emerged as prime target of European expansionism  Imperialists competed for territory in Asia (China).  Hoping military strength would bolster industrialization, Japan joined European nations in competition for China in the 1890’s.

4.  Americans gradually warmed up to the idea of expansion overseas  Belief in manifest destiny, they already had pushed the U.S. border to the Pacific Ocean  Three factors fueled the Imperialism:  Desire for military strength  Thirst for new markets  Belief in cultural superiority

5.  As other nations establish global military presence, American leaders advised that the U.S. build up its own military strength  Alfred T. Mahan of the U.S. Navy was one of these  He urged government to build up American naval power in order to compete with other powerful nations  The construction of modern battleships such as the Maine and the Oregon transformed the country into the world’s third largest naval power.

6.  Advances in technology enabled American farms and factories to produce far more than American citizens could consume  Now US needed raw materials for its factories and new markets for its agricultural and manufacturing goods  Imperialist viewed foreign trade as the solution the American overproduction and the related problems of unemployment and economic depression.

7.  Some believed in Social Darwinism – a belief in racial superiority of Anglo-Saxons  Argued that the US had a responsibility to spread Christianity and “civilization” to the world’s “inferior peoples”

8.  Early supporter of expansionism was William Seward  1867 – Seward arranged to buy Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million  Had trouble persuading the House of Representatives to approve funding for the purchase  Some thought it was silly to buy what they called “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox”  Time showed how wrong they were  In 1959, Alaska became a state, for about two cents an acres, the US had acquired a land rich in timber, minerals, and oil