1. Ch. 10: The First Global Age, 1400-1800
Mr. Chavez
World History
Fall 2014

2. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Absolute Rule in Europe
As the world expanded, the power of states and empires also grew
Between the 16th and 18th centuries, many monarchs (kings) centralized power and authority
This form of rule was known as absolutism
Absolute monarchs claimed that their right to rule came from God
This notion of God-given authority was known as divine right

3. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Absolute Rule in Europe
European monarchs backed up their rule with military force
They wanted to secure their borders and expand their area of control
They used modernized weaponry based on gunpowder technology from China
They developed canons for land and sea
Developed new methods to fortify artillery attacks
Monarchs paid for their new military power by raising taxes and bank loans
Gunpowder
Revolution!

4. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder Empires
Gunpowder revolution took place in Europe, eastern Europe and Asia
Strong states used gunpowder weapons to conquer territory and build large empires
The Ottoman Turks built one of the most powerful empires
They relied on well-trained armies and heavily artillery
Ottoman Turks created a centralized state to support their empire
Their complex system of managing their government was also known as a ________________
BUREAUCRACY

5. The Ottoman Empire

6. Sunni Modern Day Turkey Majority of Turkish people are Muslim.
Can you guess which branch of Islam?
Sunni

7. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder Empires
To the north, Russia also built a powerful state empire

8. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder Empires
In Persia, the Safavid Empire arose in 1501 and collapsed in 1722
Their greatest ruler, Shah Abbas, built a strong centralized state and promoted art and architecture
This branch of Islam was practiced in this empire: ________________.
The Mughal Empire spread across Central Asia and India
Lasted from 1526 to 1707
Also had a strong central government
Government grew rich from trading cotton and spices
Shi’a

9. The Safavid and Mughal Empires

10. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Emerging European Dominance
Despite their success, most of the gunpowder empires declined by the late 1700s
Safavid, Ottoman, Mughal
In contrast, Europe was getting stronger
1 major factor: Commercial Revolution
Rapid expansion of business
Fueled by overseas trade and colonization
Gave rise to early forms of capitalism
European states became extremely wealthy as a result
Increased their military and political power
Economic, Political, Social, and Cultural factors helped Europe rise to power once more

11. Europe’s Rise to Power!

12. Now It’s Your Turn!
Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
Title it Now It’s Your Turn
Write your responses on the back of your notes
1. Describe 2 ways that monarchs centralized their power.
2. How did the Commercial Revolution make Europe powerful?

13. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas
By establishing American colonies, western European countries…
Built new empires
Created new networks of exchange
New colonies had both positive and negative effects on the rest of the world
Spain and Portugal established first American colonies
Spain colonized North and South America in the 1500s
Portugal colonized Brazil in the 1500s
_________________ defeated the Aztec and Inca empires
Brought millions of Indians under their control
Conquistadors

14. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas
Social structure of the Spanish colonies was largely based on race
White colonists made up the top social class
They enjoyed the most power and privileges
Next were _______________: mixed race descendants of Europeans and Indian
At the bottom were native Indians; later black Africans
Mestizos

15. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas
The Catholic Church also played an important role in colonial society
The spread of Catholic beliefs was a prime motive of the Spanish conquest

16. Spanish and Portuguese Empires

17. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Economies of Silver
Silver mining became the main economic activity in the Spanish colonies
Spanish forced Indians to work in the mines
Silver had an enormous impact on the world economy
Made into coins and increased world money supply
Resulted in ________________: rising prices, usually caused by an increase in money supply
The plantation system:
Spanish crown granted colonists large estates, stripping away land from Indians
Plantations grew: sugar, tobacco, cacao, cotton, etc..
inflation

18. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: A Continental Exchange
Exchange of goods between the Old World and the New World
This was also known as the _____________________: the transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the Eastern and Western hemispheres
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange also had negative effects
Worst of all, Old World diseases spread rapidly, with deadly effects on Indian populations

19. The Columbian Exchange

20. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and Slavery
Old World diseases killed at least 50% of the native population
Amounted to tens of millions of people
This event is called the ________________.
The spread of disease made the European conquest of the Americas much easier
Less Indians to resist European colonists
Also, less Indians to work the land
Europeans started to import African slaves as a result
Great Dying

21. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and Slavery
Slavery has existed since ancient times
Greeks, Romans and Arabs had all used slaves before
Major were prisoners of war
The first African slaves were bought by Portugal in the mid-1400s
By the mid-1500s, most European countries were in the practice of buying slaves as well
By the 1800s, more than ten million African slaves had been shipped to the Americas
Approximately 1 out of every 6 died en route to the Americas (approximately 2 million)
The journey from Africa to the Americas was known as the middle passage

22. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and Slavery
The slave trade had a major impact on Africa
Slavery destroyed many African societies
It strengthened African warlords who sold slaves
It introduced European goods, including guns to Africa
The slave trade had a greater impact on the Americas
Slavery supported the plantation system which was violent and brutal
Left a legacy of racism and inequality that still exists today

23. Slavery in the Americas

24. 10.5: Movement of Religion & Ideas: Spreading Faith in the Americas
As regions became more connected, ideas and religious beliefs spread more rapidly from place to place
Movement of ideas and religion also helped transform the world
Colonization of the Americas brought 2 LARGE continents into the Christian world
Catholic priests converted millions of Indians to Christianity
Many/most were converted forcefully
In most cases, Indians blended Christian teachings with their own traditional beliefs
Catholic missionaries spread the faith into Africa and Asia

25. 10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in Europe
New ideas and ways of thinking arose in Europe
Artist and thinkers of the __________________, revived classical art and culture.
They promoted ______________, a belief in the value of the individual
This new way of thinking paved the way for the ____________, which split the Catholic Church and gave birth to new Protestant religions
Renaissance
Humanism
Reformation

26. 10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in Europe
The printing press was crucial to the Reformation
And to ideas in general
Printing technology invented by China in the 11th century
German metalworker, Johannes Gutenberg advanced the technology in 1450
His printing press could print 300 pages in one day
Printing became faster and more efficient

27. 10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in Europe
This movement sought to revive Catholicism in response to the Reformation: _________________
The church expanded its missionary work in the new colonies
Scholars and thinkers, inspired by the Renaissance, began to study the natural world in new ways
This new approach to learning was called ______________
Began in the mid-1500s and lasted through the 1600s
Beginning in the 1700s, this movement sought to apply scientific methods to the study of society and its problems
_________________________
Counter-Reformation
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment