1. AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL ALPA JOHN O’BRIEN Director Engineering & Air Safety Department

2. ALPA 64,000 MEMBERS Flying for 42 Airlines in U.S. and Canada Representing Domestic/International/Pax/Cargo Member, International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations - IFALPA

3. AREAS OF DISCUSSION ALPA APPROACH EDUCATION TRAINING OUTREACH

4. VOLCANIC ASH Multi-Faceted Approach Twenty-plus Years of Progress Helped Identify and Categorize Damages Promoted Operational Awareness Promoted Research and Development Promoted Improved Detection Capabilities Helped to Improve and Coordinate Global Communications Working on Education Program

5. VOLCANIC ASH Education and Training No Innocent Ash cloud Detection and Warning – Limited in Scope Fundamental 1 st step – Avoidance Appropriate Reactions if Ash is Encountered Procedures to Minimize Impact of Encounter –Understand, some damage inevitable Examples of Materials for Academics

6. VOLCANIC ASH Materials for Academics US Geological Survey (USGS) Bulletin 2047 - Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety, Edited by Thomas J. Casadevall, Washington, DC, 1994

7. VOLCANIC ASH Materials for Academics International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Doc. 9691- AN/954 – Manual on Volcanic Ash, Radioactive Material, and Toxic Chemical Clouds, First Edition – 2001

8. VOLCANIC ASH Materials for Academics US Geological Survey (USGS) World Map of Volcanoes and Principal Aeronautical Features, by Thomas J. Casadevall and Theodore B. Thompson, Prepared in cooperation with Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc., 1995

9. VOLCANIC ASH Materials for Academics FAA Aviation Safety Journal Reprint, The Volcano Threat to Aviation Safety, Washington, DC, 1991

10. VOLCANIC ASH Materials for Academics US Geological Survey (USGS) Open-File Report 93-518, Volcanic Ash and Airports: Discussions and Recommendations from the Workshop on Impacts of Volcanic Ash on Airport Facilities, by Thomas J. Casadevall, Seattle, WA, April 26-28, 1993

11. VOLCANIC ASH Materials for Academics Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM), Volcanic Activity Reporting Form (VAR), 2004

12. VOLCANIC ASH Education and Training Dispersion Path Difficult to model forecast Critical to define footprint Airport Contamination Equipment damage Runway surface effects

13. VOLCANIC ASH Education and Training Key Elements Detection – Seismic, satellite, visual Path prediction – Environmental winds, forecast algorithms Communications – Interagency & intergovernmental Difficulties Areas often remote – North Atlantic and North Pacific Night – Lightly populated, no seismic monitoring Lack of lead time – Minimal communications

14. VOLCANIC ASH Outreach Research and Development Detection – Satellite Sensor Improvements –Resolution – hot spots –Day/night/all weather –Effective alert/action network