1. Morphology and Word Formation Solutions to Test Paper tt

2. Word Formation ineffectualisation isn’t a word you meet every day. Argue that it nevertheless is a word, by splitting it up into morphemes according to type. Finally, draw a tree diagram for it, using the morpheme- type labels as the names of nodes.

3. Word Formation infectualisationis(e)ef

4. Word Formation inefualationis(e) A Suffix A stem Neg Prefix A Stem V Suffix V Stem N Affix N Stem fect N Prefix N Stem Bound Root

5. Compounds Form recognized compounds from the free morphemes below the table and insert them in the table according to the same principles as those behind the test samples. Use each morpheme only once: - Adjective- Noun- Verb Adjective - Bitter - -sweetPoor - -houseHigh - -born Noun - Verb - strongallAdjectives Nounsspoonpocketrainheadbow Verbswalksleeppickcarryfeed

6. Compounds Form recognized compounds from the free morphemes below the table and insert them in the table according to the same principles as those behind the test samples. Use each morpheme only once: Adjective Noun Verb Adjectivebittersweetpoorhousehighborn Noun Verb strongallAdjectives Nounsspoonpocketrainheadbow Verbswalksleeppickcarryfeed

7. Derivational Morphology Derivational morphemes convert members of (‘input’) word classes into members of the same or different (‘output’) word classes. For example, -ish turns 1) a N into an A: boy + ish  boyish, or 2) an A into another A (with a different meaning): pink + ish  pinkish. Judging from the list of words provided below, determine the input word class and the output word class for the following derivational affixes. Write the stem + input class label on the line to the left, the output class label on the line to the right of the arrow (note that the final vowel may diasappear or change shape, that the final consonant may double, and that the stem may otherwise change): a. _______ + -al  ___; b. _______ + -ous  ___ ; c. _______ + -ify  ___; d. _______ +-ful  ___; e. _______ + -ity  ___ ; f. _______ +-en  ___; g. _______ +-dom  ___; h. _______ +-able  ___; i. a- + _______  ___ ; j.ex- + _______  ___ ; k. sub- + _______  ___ ; l. re- + _______  ___ ; virtue, moral, health, wife, aquit, enemy, print, minimal, white, free, read, glory.

8. a. ____________ + -al  ___ b. ____________ + -ous  ___ c. ____________ + -ify  ___ d. ____________ +-ful  ___ e. ____________ + -ity  ___ f. ____________ +-en  ___ virtuemoralhealthwifeaquitenemy printminimalwhitefreereadglory t- V N acquittal e- NA virtuous VN glorify healthful NA enmity NN whiten AV

9. moralwife printminimalfreeread g. ____________ +-dom  ___ h. ____________ +-able  ___ i. a- + ____________  ___ j. ex- + ____________  ___ k. sub- + ____________  ___ l. re- + ____________  ___ freedom AN readable VA amoral AA exwife NN subminimal AA reprint VV

10. Derivational Morphology There are other possibilities: virtue N + al  virtual A minimal A + ize  minimalize V re + read V  reread V glory N + ous  glorious A wife N + dom  wifedom N ….

11. Derivational Morphology … including some dubious, but potential, ones: sub +print  VVN ? subprint N sub +white  ? subwhite AA The crux of the matter is that derivational morphology is only partly subject to generalization