1. Visual Basic for Applications IntroductionIntroduction The Control ToolboxThe Control Toolbox View ► Toolboxs ► Control Toolbox Command ButtonsCommand Buttons View ► Toolboxs ► Command Buttons

2. Visual Basic for Applications Visual Basic Editor (VBE)Visual Basic Editor (VBE) Menu Bar Toolbar Project explorer window Code window Properties window A Simple ProgramA Simple Program Loan Amortization Table Using PMT Function (Lecture 8) Create your first Macro

3. Visual Basic for Applications Running a ProgramRunning a Program –Press the shortcut key, if there is one. –Select Tools ► Macro ► Macros and click the name of macros in the macro dialogue box. –Press Alt+F8 and click the name of macros in the macro dialogue box. –Click the Run button, ►, press [F5], or go to Run..Run Sub/UserForm to run the program –Create a control bottom (or a command bottom) –Enter the function name and arguments

4. Visual Basic for Applications Modules and ProceduresModules and Procedures A module is a container for procedures. A procedure is a unit of code enclosed either between the Sub and End Sub statement or between the Function and End Function statements.

5. Visual Basic for Applications Module FunctionsModule Functions Sub Statement (NB: Subs do not return values, Functions do) –Sub name [(arguments list)] –[statements] –[Exit Sub] –[statements] –End Sub

6. Visual Basic for Applications Module FunctionsModule Functions Function Statement –Function name [(arglist)] [As type] –[statements] –[name = expression] –[Exit Function] –[statements] –[name = expression] –End Function

7. Visual Basic for Applications Module FunctionsModule Functions Call Sub Procedure –Call Sub name [(argument list)] Call Function Procedure –Call Function name (argument list) –Object.Value = Function name (argument list) Sometime you have to add Worksheet name or Modules name before the procedure.

8. Visual Basic for Applications Passing Argument by ReferencePassing Argument by Reference The procedure access to the actual variable in memory. As a result, the variable's value can be changed by the procedure. Passing by reference is the default in VBA.

9. Visual Basic for Applications Passing Argument by ValuePassing Argument by Value It will pass the value to the corresponding variable, not the memory address.

10. Visual Basic for Applications Scope of Modules and ProceduresScope of Modules and Procedures Procedures in Visual Basic can have either private or public scope. Procedure with private scope A procedure with private scope is only accessible to the other procedures in the same module

11. Visual Basic for Applications Scope of Modules and ProceduresScope of Modules and Procedures Procedure with public scope A procedure with public scope is accessible to all procedures in in every module in the workbook in which the procedure is declared, and in all workbooks that contain a reference to that workbook.

12. Visual Basic for Applications Objects and CollectionsObjects and Collections Objects are the fundamental building blocks of Visual Basic. Objects are the fundamental building blocks of Visual Basic. An object is a special type of variable that contains both data and codes. An object is a special type of variable that contains both data and codes. A collection is a group of objects of the same class. A collection is a group of objects of the same class.

13. Visual Basic for Applications Objects and CollectionsObjects and Collections The most used Excel objects in VBA programming are Workbook, Worksheet, Sheet, and Range. The most used Excel objects in VBA programming are Workbook, Worksheet, Sheet, and Range. Workbooks is a collection of all Workbook objects. Workbooks is a collection of all Workbook objects. Worksheets is a collection of Worksheet objects. Worksheets is a collection of Worksheet objects.

14. Visual Basic for Applications Objects and CollectionsObjects and Collections The Workbook object represents a workbook. The Workbook object represents a workbook. The Worksheet object represents a worksheet. The Worksheet object represents a worksheet. The Sheet object represents a worksheet or chartsheet. The Sheet object represents a worksheet or chartsheet. The Range object represents a range of cells The Range object represents a range of cells

15. Visual Basic for Applications Workbook and Worksheet ObjectWorkbook and Worksheet Object A workbook is the same as an Excel file. A workbook is the same as an Excel file. The Workbook collection contains all the workbooks that are currently opened. The Workbook collection contains all the workbooks that are currently opened. Inside of a workbook contains at least one worksheet. Inside of a workbook contains at least one worksheet.

16. Visual Basic for Applications Workbook and Worksheet ObjectWorkbook and Worksheet Object In VBA, a worksheet can be referenced as followed: Worksheets("Sheet1") In VBA, a worksheet can be referenced as followed: Worksheets("Sheet1") Worksheets("Sheet1") is the worksheet that named "Sheet1." Worksheets("Sheet1") is the worksheet that named "Sheet1." Another way to refer to a worksheet is to use number index like the following: Worksheets(1) The above refers to the first worksheet in the collection. Another way to refer to a worksheet is to use number index like the following: Worksheets(1) The above refers to the first worksheet in the collection.

17. Visual Basic for Applications Workbook and Worksheet ObjectWorkbook and Worksheet Object To refer sheets (or other objects) with the same name, you have to qualify the object. For example: Workbooks("Book1").Worksheets("Sheet1") Workbooks("Book2").Worksheets("Sheet1")

18. Visual Basic for Applications Range Object and Cells PropertyRange Object and Cells Property Range represents a cell, a row, a column, a selection of cells containing one or more contiguous blocks of cells, or a 3-D range

19. Visual Basic for Applications Range Object and Cells PropertyRange Object and Cells Property Range object has a Cells property. Range object has a Cells property. The Cells property takes one or two indexes as its parameters The Cells property takes one or two indexes as its parameters Cells(index) or Cells(row, column)

20. Visual Basic for Applications Range Object and Cells PropertyRange Object and Cells Property ActiveSheet.Range.Cells(1,1) Range.Cells(1,1) Cells(1,1) ActiveSheet.Range.Cells(1,1) Range.Cells(1,1) Cells(1,1) Range("A1") = 123 and Cells(1,1) = 123 Range("A1") = 123 and Cells(1,1) = 123 Cells(12) = "XYZ" puts "XYZ" on Cells(1,12) or Range("L1") assume cell A1 is the current cell Cells(12) = "XYZ" puts "XYZ" on Cells(1,12) or Range("L1") assume cell A1 is the current cell Range("B1:F5").cells(12) = "ZYZ" Range("B1:F5").cells(12) = "ZYZ"

21. Visual Basic for Applications Methods and PropertiesMethods and Properties A Property represents a built-in or user-defined characteristic of the object. A Property represents a built-in or user-defined characteristic of the object. A method is an action that you perform with an object. Below are examples of a method and a property for the Workbook Object. A method is an action that you perform with an object. Below are examples of a method and a property for the Workbook Object.

22. Visual Basic for Applications Methods and PropertiesMethods and Properties –Workbooks.Close Close method close the active workbook –Workbooks.Count Count property returns the number of workbooks that are currently opened

23. Visual Basic for Applications Methods and PropertiesMethods and Properties Methods That Take No Arguments: Worksheets("Sheet").Column("A:B").AutoFit Methods That Take No Arguments: Worksheets("Sheet").Column("A:B").AutoFit Methods That Take Arguments: Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1:A10").Sort _ Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1") Methods That Take Arguments: Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1:A10").Sort _ Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1")

24. Visual Basic for Applications Methods and PropertiesMethods and Properties

25. Visual Basic for Applications VariablesVariables Dim x as Type Data Types –Integer (2 bytes) –Long (long integer, 4 bytes) –Single (single-precision floating-point, 4 bytes) –Double (double-precision floating-point, 8 bytes) –Currency (scaled integer, 8 bytes) –Decimal (14 bytes) –Date (8 bytes) –String (variable-length, 10 bytes) Array(arglist)Array(arglist)

26. Visual Basic for Applications Array(arglist)Array(arglist) Before signing values to an array, the array needs to be created. You can declare the array by using the Dim statement. Dim Array_name(Begin to End, Begin to End)

27. Visual Basic for Applications CommentsComments ‘ This is a comment, not part of the program

28. Visual Basic for Applications Input and Output (I/O)Input and Output (I/O)Input –From Cells Set x = Range( “ A1 ” )Set x = Range( “ A1 ” ) –From Screen x = InputBox(Prompt:="Please enter a number.")x = InputBox(Prompt:="Please enter a number.")Output –To Cells Range( “ A1 ” ) = xRange( “ A1 ” ) = x –To Screen The Message BoxThe Message Box MsgBox “ The value of x is ” & Str(x)

29. Visual Basic for Applications Arithmetic OperatorsArithmetic Operators Power/Exponent ^ Operator Multiplication * Operator Division / Operator Addition + Operator Subtraction - Operator

30. Visual Basic for Applications Concatenation OperatorsConcatenation Operators Concatenate Strings & Operator (String)

31. Visual Basic for Applications Type Conversion FunctionsType Conversion Functions Change expression to Currency CCur(expression) Change expression to Date CDate(expression) Change expression to Double CDbl(expression) Change expression to Decimal CDec(expression)

32. Visual Basic for Applications Type Conversion FunctionsType Conversion Functions Change expression to Integer CInt(expression) Change expression to Long CLng(expression) Change expression to Single CSng(expression) Change expression to String CStr(expression)

33. Visual Basic for Applications Type Conversion FunctionsType Conversion Functions Change text to number VALUE(text) Change value to text TEXT(value,format_text) Change number to String STR(number)

34. Visual Basic for Applications Control FunctionsControl Functions If, Then If expression Then statements [Else [elsestatements]] End If

35. Visual Basic for Applications Control FunctionsControl Functions Do, Until Do Until x = y statements statementsLoop

36. Visual Basic for Applications Control FunctionsControl Functions Do, While Do While x = y statements statementsLoop

37. Visual Basic for Applications Control FunctionsControl Functions For, Next For counter = start To end [Step step] [statements] [statements] [Exit For] [statements] [statements] Next [counter]

38. Visual Basic for Applications Logical FunctionsLogical Functions Logical AND AND(logical1,logical2,...) Logical OROR(logical1,logical2,...)

39. Visual Basic for Applications Mathematical FunctionsMathematical Functions Count COUNT(value1,value2,...) Natural LogarithmLN(number) Maximum of a SeriesMAX(number1,number2,...) Minimum of a SeriesMIN(number1,number2,...) Power/ExponentPOWER(number,power) Product of a Series PRODUCT(number1,number2,...) RoundROUND(number,num_digits) Sum of a SeriesSUM(number1,number2,...)

40. Visual Basic for Applications Statistical FunctionsStatistical Functions Correlation CoefficientCORREL(array1,array2) CovarianceCOVAR(array1,array2) KurtosisKURT(number1,number2,...) Lognormal Distribution LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,standard_dev) MeanAVERAGE(number1,number2,...) MedianMEDIAN(number1,number2,...) ModeMODE(number1,number2,...) Normal Distribution NORMDIST(x,mean,standard_dev,cumulative)

41. Visual Basic for Applications Statistical FunctionsStatistical Functions Percentile RankPERCENTRANK(array,x,significance) PercentilePERCENTILE(array,k) QuartileQUARTILE(array,quart) RankRANK(number,ref,order) SkewnessSKEW(number1,number2,...) SlopeSLOPE(known_y's,known_x's) Standard DeviationSTDEV(number1,number2,...) Standard Normal DistributionNORMSDIST(z) VarianceVAR(number1,number2,...)

42. Visual Basic for Applications Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Depreciation DDB(cost, salvage, life, period[, factor]) Depreciation, Straight LineSLN(cost, salvage, life) Depreciation, Sum-Of-Years' DigitsSYD(cost, salvage,life, period) Future Value FV(rate, nper, pmt[, pv[, type]]) Interest PaymentIPmt(rate, per, nper, pv[, fv[, type]]) Interest RateRate(nper, pmt, pv[, fv[, type[, guess]]])

43. Visual Basic for Applications Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Internal Rate of ReturnIRR(values()[, guess]) Modified Internal Rate of ReturnMIRR(values(), finance_rate, reinvest_rate) Net Present ValueNPV(rate, values()) Number of Periods (Annuity)NPer(rate, pmt, pv[, fv[, type]]) Present ValuePV(rate, nper, pmt[, fv[, type]]) Principle PaymentPPmt(rate, per, nper, pv[, fv[, type]])