1. “Energy from the Sea – BioFuels, Currents, Tides & Wind” Panel Contribution by Dr Tony Raven Director, Research & Innovation Services University of Southampton UK

2. 2 Solent Region Southampton and Portsmouth Port Cities on south coast of the UK 4 th largest UK commercial port – 41M tonnes p.a. Home to 67% of the Royal Navy surface fleet. Centre of the European cruise industry 67% of the port power comes from geothermal and CHP systems

3. 3 University of Southampton UK Top 10 and Global Top 100 research university Major strength Maritime Studies –150 academic staff across 19 Schools from Maritime Law & Archaeology to Ship Science Leading UK University in Sustainability –188 academic staff and 266 PhD students National Oceanography Centre

4. 4 Ocean Energy Offshore Wind Wave Tidal Algal Biofuels Deep water oil Gas Hydrates

5. 5 Offshore wind ~1.1GW current global capacity virtually all in Europe After an early start by Denmark, UK is set to become far and away the dominant player. By 2020 UK is expected to have 29GW out of 66GW globally (45%) with >90% in the EU

6. 6 Offshore wind Major UK program for offshore wind to meet legal obligation –~0.6GW installed –8GW permitted –25GW about to be announced for 2020 operation –15% renewables obligation by 2020

7. 7 Offshore wind Significant issues –Foundations/Installation* –Reliability –Repair and Maintenance Logistics –Investment (2.5x cost onshore) –Skills –Dock space * Installation vessels absolutely are the supply chain limit, before turbines - Vestas

8. 8 Tides and Tidal Stream UK has 80% of Europe’s tidal stream energy Of ~20 significant potential sites worldwide, 8 in the UK 30% more expensive currently than offshore wind. Major sources are remote from the population centres (subsea power cable) Predictable power

9. 9 Tides and Tidal Stream Severn Barrage –Estimated 5% of UK supply –Postponed (cancelled?) –$40Bn cost Small scale commercial operations –Strangford Lough (1.2MW) –Anglesey (10.5MW) -2011 –Pentland Firth (1.3GW) - 2020

10. 10 Wave Power Pelamis Project –Articulated structure –180m x 4m  for 750kW –World’s first commercial wave energy facility –Installed offshore Portugal and Scotland Anaconda –Rubber tube filled with water –150m, 7m  for 250kW in 2m waves –1MW ~ 100 tonnes

11. 11 Wave Power Issues –Separation of wave power from centres of population –Grid bottlenecks –Reliability of mechanisms and lubrication in a harsh environment –Skills –Finance

12. 12 Thank You t.raven@southampton.ac.uk http://www.sunrise.soton.ac.uk/